@article {1136, title = {Comprehensive Evaluation for Protective Coatings: Optical, Electrical, Photoelectrochemical, and Spectroscopic Characterizations}, journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, abstract = {Numerous efficient semiconductors suffer from instability in aqueous electrolytes. Strategies utilizing protective coatings have thus been developed to protect these photoabsorbers against corrosion while synergistically improving charge separation and reaction kinetics. Recently, various photoelectrochemical (PEC) protective coatings have been reported with suitable electronic properties to ensure low charge transport loss and reveal the fundamental photoabsorber efficiency. However, protocols for studying the critical figures of merit for protective coatings have yet to be established. For this reason, we propose four criteria for evaluating the performance of a protective coating for PEC water-splitting: stability, conductivity, optical transparency, and energetic matching. We then propose a flow chart that summarizes the recommended testing protocols for quantifying these four performance metrics. In particular, we lay out the stepwise testing protocols to evaluate the energetics matching at a semiconductor/coating/(catalyst)/liquid interface. Finally, we provide an outlook for the future benchmarking needs for coatings.}, keywords = {coating, energetics, performance evaluation, performance metrics, spectroscopy}, issn = {2296-598X}, doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.799776}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.799776}, author = {Shen, Xin and Yanagi, Rito and Solanki, Devan and Su, Haoqing and Li, Zhaohan and Xiang, Cheng-Xiang and Hu, Shu} } @article {1138, title = {Crystallographic Effects of GaN Nanostructures in Photoelectrochemical Reaction}, journal = {Nano Letters}, volume = {22}, year = {2022}, note = {PMID: 35258977}, pages = {2236-2243}, keywords = {GaN; artificial photosynthesis; nanowire; photoelectrode; surface polarity}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04220}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04220}, author = {Xiao, Yixin and Vanka, Srinivas and Pham, Tuan Anh and Dong, Wan Jae and Sun, Yi and Liu, Xianhe and Navid, Ishtiaque Ahmed and Varley, Joel B. and Hajibabaei, Hamed and Hamann, Thomas W. and Ogitsu, Tadashi and Mi, Zetian} } @article {1139, title = {Electrode optimization for efficient hydrogen production using an SO2-depolarized electrolysis cell}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {47}, year = {2022}, pages = {14180-14185}, abstract = {The hybrid sulfur (HyS) cycle offers an alternative route to hydrogen and sulfuric acid production using the SO2-depolarized electrolysis (SDE) cell. This work reports the most efficient SDE operation to date at high sulfuric acid concentrations (\~{}60~wt\%) achieved through the optimization of operating conditions and cell components. We observed that open porosity in the porous transport media (PTM) plays a significant role in SDE performance as it enables efficient acid removal from the catalyst layer. The combination of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components, such as Sulfonated Diels Alder Poly (phenylene) (SDAPP) membranes and electrodes prepared using SGL 29BC PTM, and operating conditions (103.4 kPagauge at 125~{\textdegree}C) yielded electrolysis potentials <700~mV at 500~mA/cm2 and acid concentrations >60~wt\%.}, keywords = {Catalysis, electrolysis, High pressure, Hybrid sulfur cycle, Hydrogen generation, Sulfur dioxide}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.166}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319922007807}, author = {H{\'e}ctor R. Col{\'o}n-Mercado and Scott A. Mauger and Maximilian B. Gorensek and Cy H. Fujimoto and Aaron A. Lando and Prabhu Ganesan and Benjamin H. Meekins and Noah D. Meeks} } @article {1140, title = {Formation of 6H-Ba3Ce0.75Mn2.25O9 During Thermochemical Reduction of 12R-Ba4CeMn3O12: Identification of a Polytype in the Ba(Ce,Mn)O3 Family}, journal = {Inorganic Chemistry}, volume = {61}, year = {2022}, month = {4}, keywords = {analytical chemistry, inorganic, layered perovskite, organic, oxide, physical, polytype, STCH, thermochemistry}, doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00282}, author = {Strange, Nicholas A. and Park, James Eujin and Goyal, Anuj and Bell, Robert T. and Trindell, Jamie A. and Sugar, Joshua D. and Stone, Kevin H. and Coker, Eric N. and Lany, Stephan and Shulda, Sarah and Ginley, David S.} } @article {1141, title = {High-performance SO2-depolarized electrolysis cell using advanced polymer electrolyte membranes}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {47}, year = {2022}, pages = {57-68}, abstract = {Three different proton conducting polymeric membrane materials (Nafion{\textregistered} 115, Nafion{\textregistered} 212, and sulfonated Diels-Alder polyphenylene [SDAPP]) were evaluated for use in SO2-depolarized electrolyzers for the production of hydrogen via the hybrid sulfur cycle. Their performance was measured using different water feed strategies to minimize overpotential losses while maintaining high product acid concentration. Both thin membranes (Nafion{\textregistered} 212 and SDAPP) showed performance superior to that of the thicker Nafion{\textregistered} 115. The SDAPP membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performed well at higher acid concentrations, maintaining low ohmic and kinetic overpotentials. Finally, short-term (100-h) stability tests under constant current conditions showed minimal degradation for the SDAPP and Nafion{\textregistered} 212 MEAs. SDAPP MEA performance approached the targets needed to make the hybrid sulfur cycle a competitive process for hydrogen production (product acid concentration >=65~wt\% H2SO4 at~<=~0.6-V cell potential and >=0.5 A-cm-2 current density).}, keywords = {Hybrid sulfur (HyS) process, Hydrogen production, Sulfonated diels-alder polyphenylene (SDAPP), Sulfur dioxide-depolarized electrolyzer (SDE), Sulfuric acid production}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.019}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921039343}, author = {H{\'e}ctor R. Col{\'o}n-Mercado and Maximilian B. Gorensek and Cy H. Fujimoto and Aaron A. Lando and Benjamin H. Meekins} } @article {1147, title = {Redox Defect Thermochemistry of FeAl2O4 Hercynite in Water Splitting from First-Principles Methods}, journal = {Chemistry of Materials}, volume = {34}, year = {2022}, pages = {519-528}, keywords = {concentrated solar, Hercynite, hydrogen lcroduction, Perovskite, Redox Defect, screening, thermochemistry, thermogravimetry, water splitting}, doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01049}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01049}, author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Clary, Jacob M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Lany, Stephan} } @article {1148, title = {Revitalizing interface in protonic ceramic cells by acid etch}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {604}, year = {2022}, month = {04}, pages = {479-485}, keywords = {acid treatment, ceramic fuel-cell, electrolysis, high-temperature annealed electrolyte surface, proton conductivity, Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04457-y}, author = {Bian, Wenjuan and Wu, Wei and Wang, Baoming and Tang, Wei and Zhou, Meng and Jin, Congrui and Ding, Hanping and Fan, Weiwei and Dong, Yanhao and Li, Ju and Ding, Dong} } @article {1111, title = {Development of a Photoelectrochemically Self-Improving Si/GaN Photocathode for Efficient and Durable H2 Production}, journal = {Nature Materials}, year = {2021}, month = {04/2021}, pages = {1-6}, doi = {10.1038/s41563-021-00965-w}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00965-w}, author = {Guosong Zeng and Tuan Anh Pham and Srinivas Vanka and Guiji Liu and Chengyu Song and Jason K. Cooper and Zetian Mi and Tadashi Ogitsu and Francesca M. Toma} } @article {1155, title = {Elucidating the Role of Hydroxide Electrolyte on Anion-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {168}, year = {2021}, month = {05/2021}, pages = {054522}, abstract = {Many solid-state devices, especially those requiring anion conduction, often add a supporting electrolyte to enable efficient operation. The prototypical case is that of anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), where addition of an alkali metal solution improves performance. However, the specific mechanism of this performance improvement is currently unknown. This work investigates the functionality of the alkali metal solution in AEMWEs using experiments and mathematical models. The results show that additional hydroxide plays a key role not only in ohmic resistance of the membrane and catalyst layer but also in the reaction kinetics. The modeling suggests that the added liquid electrolyte creates an additional electrochemical interface with the electrocatalyst that provides ion-transport pathways and distributes product gas bubbles; the total effective electrochemical active surface area in the cell with 1 M KOH is 5 times higher than that of the cell with DI water. In the cell with 1 M KOH, more than 80\% of the reaction current is associate with the liquid electrolyte. These results indicate the importance of high pH of electrolyte and catalyst/electrolyte interface in AEMWEs. The understanding of the functionality of the alkali metal solution presented in this study should help guide the design and optimization of AEMWEs.}, keywords = {alkali metal solutions, anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers, Energy Sciences, energy storage, liquid electrolyte, solid-state devices}, issn = {0013-4651}, doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0019}, author = {Jiangjin Liu and Zhenye Kang and Dongguo Li and Magnolia Pak and Shaun M. Alia and Cy Fujimoto and Guido Bender and Yu Seung Kim and Adam Z. Weber} } @article {1159, title = {Layer-structured triple-conducting electrocatalyst for water-splitting in protonic ceramic electrolysis cells: Conductivities vs. activity}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, volume = {495}, year = {2021}, pages = {229764}, abstract = {Electron, proton and oxygen-triple-conducting materials are becoming the dominant steam electrode candidate to break the rate limit on the water-splitting reaction that throttles the performance of protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). In this study, based on Pr2NiO4+δ Ruddlesden-Popper phase, we manipulate these conductivities by Pr-site Ba substitution to probe the correlation of each conductivity with the kinetics of the elementary reaction steps. It is found that the proton conductivity is vital to sustain an extended active surface area for faster adsorption of reactants and desorption of products. The effect of oxygen conductivity is surprisingly found insignificant in the water-splitting reaction. On the contrary, surface oxygen removal is discovered as the most rate-limiting process. The electronic conductivity is not a direct limiting factor. However, an electron transfer process between the current collector and the electrode junction could introduce extra resistance that is perceptible at a high operating temperature range. The best water-splitting activity is obtained on a proton conductivity/oxygen surface desorption capability well-balanced sample after Ba substitution. As a result, a water-splitting reaction resistance of 0.022 Ωcm2, a current density of 1.96 A/cm2 at 700~{\textdegree}C is achieved on Pr1.7Ba0.3NiO4+δ, one of the best performances for PCECs.}, keywords = {Hydrogen generation, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, Ruddlesden-popper phase, Triple-conducting electrocatalyst, Water-splitting}, issn = {0378-7753}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229764}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775321003050}, author = {Wenyuan Li and Bo Guan and Tao Yang and Zhongqiu Li and Wangying Shi and Hanchen Tian and Liang Ma and Thomas L. Kalapos and Xingbo Liu} } @article {1161, title = {Multiple Reaction Pathways for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction May Contribute to IrO2 (110){\textquoteright}s High Activity}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {168}, year = {2021}, month = {02/2021}, pages = {024506}, abstract = {Density functional theory calculations in conjunction with statistical mechanical arguments are performed on the rutile IrO2 (110) facet in order to characterize multiple reaction pathways on the surface at the highest active limit (the stoichiometric surface with all metal sites available) and at the lowest active limit (the oxygen-terminated surface). Alternative pathways to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are found, with multiple pathways determined at each step of the four proton-coupled electron transfer reaction. Of particular interest is the detailed characterization of a co-adsorption pathway utilizing neighboring, adsorbed O, OH species in order to evolve oxygen; activation energies of this pathway are <0.5 eV and therefore easily surmountable at the high operating potentials of OER. We also determined that surface Ir atoms can potentially participate in deprotonating an OOH* intermediate; the activation energy to this is 0.67 eV on the oxygen-terminated surface. These theoretical findings explain in part the high activity present in iridium oxide catalysts and also provide insight into the mechanistic pathways available on metal oxide catalysts, which may require the concerted interaction of nearest neighbor co-adsorbates to produce chemicals of interest.}, keywords = {DFT modeling, Iridium oxide, Oxygen evolution}, doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/abdeea}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abdeea}, author = {Mai-Anh Ha and Ross E. Larsen} } @article {1166, title = {The oxygen partial pressure in solid oxide electrolysis cells with multilayer electrolytes}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {213}, year = {2021}, pages = {116928}, abstract = {A number of degradation mechanisms have been observed during the long-term operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC). Using an electrolyte charge carrier transport model and a diffuse interface treatment for a multilayer electrolytes, we quantify the oxygen potentials across the electrolyte and thereby provide insights into these degradation mechanisms. Our model describes the transport of charge carriers in the electrolyte when the oxygen partial pressure is extremely low by accounting for the spatial variation of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the electrolyte which is closely related to the degradation of the SOEC near the interface of hydrogen electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, we identify four quantities that characterize the distribution of oxygen partial pressure in the electrolyte, which are directly related to the degradation mechanisms in the electrolyte as well, and give analytical estimates for them. These analytical expressions provide guidance on the parameters that need to be controlled to suppress the degradation observed in the electrolyte.}, keywords = {Diffuse interface model, Multilayer electrolyte, Oxygen partial pressure, solid oxide electrolysis cell}, issn = {1359-6454}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116928}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645421003086}, author = {Qian Zhang and Qin-Yuan Liu and Beom-Kyeong Park and Scott Barnett and Peter Voorhees} } @article {1113, title = {Performance and Durability of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Using Down-Selected Polymer Electrolytes}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, year = {2021}, pages = {22670-22683}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA06869E}, author = {A. R. Motz and D. Li and A. Keane and L. D. Manriquez and E. J. Park and S. Maurya and H. Chung and C. Fujimoto and J. Jeon and M. K. Pagels and C. Bae and K. E. Ayers and Y. S. Kim} } @article {1168, title = {Deconvolution of Water-Splitting on the Triple-Conducting Ruddlesden{\textendash}Popper-Phase Anode for Protonic Ceramic Electrolysis Cells}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, note = {PMID: 33079527}, pages = {49574-49585}, keywords = {atomic layer, proton conductors, relaxation time distribution, ruddlesden-popper phase, steam electrolysis, triple-conducting}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c12987}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12987}, author = {Tian, Hanchen and Li, Wenyuan and Ma, Liang and Yang, Tao and Guan, Bo and Shi, Wangying and Kalapos, Thomas L. and Liu, Xingbo} } @article {1169, title = {Degradation of solid oxide electrolysis cells: Phenomena, mechanisms, and emerging mitigation strategies{\textemdash}A review}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science \& Technology}, volume = {55}, year = {2020}, note = {SI: Energy Conversion \& Storage Materials Design, Fabrication and Functionality}, pages = {35-55}, abstract = {Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a promising electrochemical device with high efficiency for energy storage and conversion. However, the degradation of SOEC is a significant barrier to commercial viability. In this review paper, the typical degradation phenomena of SOEC are summarized, with great attention into the anodes/oxygen electrodes, including the commonly used and newly developed anode materials. Meanwhile, mechanistic investigations on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces are provided to unveil how the intrinsic factor, oxygen partial pressure pO2, and the electrochemical operation conditions, affect the interfacial stability of SOEC. At last, this paper also presents some emerging mitigation strategies to circumvent long-term degradation, which include novel infiltration method, development of new anode materials and engineering of the microstructure.}, keywords = {Degradation, Electrode/electrolyte interface, Mitigation, solid oxide electrolysis cell, Strategy}, issn = {1005-0302}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.026}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1005030219302464}, author = {Yi Wang and Wenyuan Li and Liang Ma and Wei Li and Xingbo Liu} } @article {1087, title = {Highly efficient and durable III{\textendash}V semiconductor-catalyst photocathodes via a transparent protection layer}, journal = {Sustainable Energy Fuels}, volume = {4}, year = {2020}, pages = {1437-1442}, abstract = {

Durable performance and high efficiency in solar-driven water splitting are great challenges not yet co-achieved in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Although photovoltaic cells made from III{\textendash}V semiconductors can achieve high optical{\textendash}electrical conversion efficiency, their functional integration with electrocatalysts and operational lifetime remain great challenges. Herein, an ultra-thin TiN layer was used as a diffusion barrier on a buried junction n+p-GaInP2 photocathode, to enable elevated temperatures for subsequent catalyst growth of Ni5P4 as nano-islands without damaging the GaInP2 junction. The resulting PEC half-cell showed negligible absorption loss, with saturated photocurrent density and H2 evolution equivalent to the benchmark photocathode decorated with PtRu catalysts. High corrosion-resistant Ni5P4/TiN layers showed undiminished photocathode operation over 120 h, exceeding previous benchmarks. Etching to remove electrodeposited copper, an introduced contaminant, restored full performance, demonstrating operational ruggedness. The TiN layer expands the synthesis conditions and protects against corrosion for stable operation of III{\textendash}V PEC devices, while the Ni5P4 catalyst replaces costly and scarce noble metal catalysts.

}, doi = {10.1039/C9SE01264H}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9SE01264H}, author = {Shinjae Hwang and James L. Young and Rachel Mow and Anders B. Laursen and Mengjun Li and Hongbin Yang and Philip E. Batson and Martha Greenblatt and Myles A. Steiner and Daniel Friedman and Todd G. Deutsch and Eric Garfunkel and G. Charles Dismukes} } @article {1172, title = {Highly quaternized polystyrene ionomers for high performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysers}, journal = {Nature Energy}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, month = {3}, keywords = {LTE; AEM electrolysis; Novel ionomer}, doi = {10.1038/s41560-020-0577-x}, author = {Kim, Yu Seung and Li, Dongguo and Park, Eun Joo and Wenlei, Zhu and Qiurong, Shi and Zhou, Yang and Tian, Hangyu and Lin, Yuehe and Serov, Alexey and Zulevi, Barr and Baca, Ehren Donel and Fujimoto, Cy and Chung, Hoon} } @article {1122, title = {Improved Performance and Efficiency of Lanthanum{\textendash}Strontium{\textendash}Manganese Perovskites Undergoing Isothermal Redox Cycling under Controlled pH2O/pH2}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, volume = {34}, year = {2020}, pages = {16918-16926}, keywords = {Experimental, Isothermal cycling, Perovskites}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02872}, author = {K. Lee and D. C. McCord and R. J. Carrillo and B. Guyll and J. R. Scheffe} } @article {1179, title = {Understanding of A-site deficiency in layered perovskites: promotion of dual reaction kinetics for water oxidation and oxygen reduction in protonic ceramic electrochemical cells}, journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, pages = {14600-14608}, abstract = {Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) are promising solid-state energy conversion devices which enable the conversion of energy between electricity and hydrogen at intermediate temperatures. Rapid conversion between chemical and electrical energy via PCEC technology will assist in overcoming grand challenges in energy storage. To achieve highly efficient reversible operation between hydrogen production and electricity generation, boosting water-oxidation and oxygen reduction activities of the oxygen electrode while maintaining the durable operation is one of the early-stage technical opportunities. In this study, an A-site deficient layered perovskite (PrBa0.8Ca0.2)0.95Co2O6-δ has been developed as an oxygen electrode for a PCEC which presents superior electrochemical performances. The electrolysis current density reached as high as -0.72 A cm-2 at 1.3 V, and a peak power density of 0.540 W cm-2 was obtained at 600 {\textdegree}C in electrolysis and fuel cell mode, respectively. The PCEC with the new electrode shows good durability under practical operating conditions for 160 hours in both operating modes with no observable degradation. The reversibility between the electrolysis and fuel cell mode is also successfully demonstrated.}, keywords = {Durability; HTE; Layered perovskite; Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells}, doi = {10.1039/D0TA05137C}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0TA05137C}, author = {Tang, Wei and Ding, Hanping and Bian, Wenjuan and Wu, Wei and Li, Wenyuan and Liu, Xingbo and Gomez, Joshua Y. and Regalado Vera, Clarita Y. and Zhou, Meng and Ding, Dong} } @article {1060, title = {Approaches for co-sintering metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells with Ba(Zr,Ce,Y,Yb)O3-δ electrolyte}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, month = {05/2019}, pages = {13768-13776}, abstract = {

Published on May 21st, 2019. Proton conducting oxide electrolyte materials could potentially lower the operating temperature of metal-supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOCs) to the intermediate range 400 to 600\ {\textdegree}C. The porous metal substrate provides the advantages of MS-SOCs such as high thermal and redox cycling tolerance, low-cost of structural materials, and mechanical ruggedness. In this work, the viability of co-sintering fabrication of metal-supported proton conducting solid oxide cells using BaZr1-x-yCexYyO3-δ (BZCY) is investigated. BZCY ceramics are sintered at 1450\ {\textdegree}C in reducing environment alone and supported on FeCr alloy metal support, and key characteristics such as Ba loss, sintering behavior, and chemical compatibility with metal support are determined. Critical challenges are identified for this fabrication approach, including: Contamination of the electrolyte with Si and Cr from the metal support, incomplete electrolyte sintering, and evaporation of electrolyte constituents. Various approaches to overcome these limitations are proposed, and preliminary assessment indicates that the use of barrier layers, low-Si-content stainless steel, and sintering aids warrant further development.

}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.181}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319919312108}, author = {Ruofan Wang and Grace Y. Lay and Dong Ding and Tianli Zhu} } @article {1094, title = {BCM polytype structures from DFT - Data and Resources}, year = {2019}, publisher = {EMN-H2AWSM (Energy Materials Network HydroGEN)}, abstract = {

This dataset contains structure files and results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the 12R (ground state) and 10H (metastable at ambient temperature) polytypes of BaCe0.25Mn0.75O3 (BCM). Starting from the experimentally determined average crystal structures, the structures were generated by sampling of the magnetic (12R and 10H) and atomic (10H) configurations based on DFT energies.

}, url = {https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1532370/}, author = {Stephan Lany} } @article {1095, title = {Computational design of oxides and nitrides in the presence of defects and disorder}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Published on August 29th, 2019.

}, author = {Stephan Lany} } @article {1083, title = {Creating stable interfaces between reactive materials: titanium nitride protects photoabsorber{\textendash}catalyst interface in water-splitting photocathodes}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {2400-2411}, abstract = {

Published on January 29th, 2019. The development of a solar-driven water splitting device that replaces costly precious metals, while achieving stable high performance, is a major challenge. Transition metal phosphides are active and low-cost catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), although, none thus far have exhibited stable performance when interfaced with semiconductors. Here, we report on a monolithic junction consisting of cubic-NiP2:TiN:Si, fabricated using both commercial and custom Si photovoltaics. Stable performance is achieved using an ultrathin film of crystalline TiN that effectively hinders atomic diffusion between interfaces during fabrication. Crystalline cubic-NiP2 deposited on TiN/n+p-Si retains 97\% of the bare Si photovoltage, comparable saturation current density to bare Si, and has a turnover frequency of 1.04 H2 per site per s at -100 mV applied potential. In acid, it requires only -150 mV additional overpotential compared to the benchmark, Pt/TiN/n+p-Si, to reach a HER photocurrent density of -10 mA cm-2. This photocathode maintains a stable H2 photocurrent ({\textpm}10\%) for at least 125 hours, the duration of testing. When the same layers are fabricated on a commercial Si solar cell, this photocathode produced double the photocurrent density (36.3 mA cm-2, under simulated 1.5 AM G illumination). Physical characterization gives detailed information on the properties responsible for the observed activity and durability of these interfaces. In general, the thin-film methodology presented here is widely applicable, demonstrates superior activity, and achieves long-term stability.

}, issn = {2050-7496}, doi = {10.1039/C8TA12186A}, url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/ta/c8ta12186a}, author = {Shinjae Hwang and Spencer H. Porter and Anders B. Laursen and Hongbin Yang and Mengjun Li and Viacheslav Manichev and Karin U. D. Calvinho and Voshadhi Amarasinghe and Martha Greenblatt and Eric Garfunkel and G. Charles Dismukes} } @article {1084, title = {Dependence of interface energetics and kinetics on catalyst loading in a photoelectrochemical system}, journal = {Nano Research}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Published on March 11th, 2019. Solar hydrogen production by the photoelectrochemical method promises a means to store solar energy. While it is generally understood that the process is highly sensitive to the nature of the interface between the semiconductor and the electrolyte, a detailed understanding of this interface is still missing. For instance, few prior studies have established a clear relationship between the interface energetics and the catalyst loading amount. Here we aim to study this relationship on a prototypical Si-based photoelectrochemical system. Two types of interfaces were examined, one with GaN nanowires as a protection layer and one without. It was found that when GaN was present, higher Pt loading (\> 0.1 μg/cm2) led to not only better water reduction (and, hence, hydrogen evolution) kinetics but also more favorable interface energetics for greater photovoltages. In the absence of the protection layer, by stark contrast, increased Pt loading exhibited no measurable influence on the interface energetics, and the main difference was observed only in the hydrogen evolution kinetics. The study sheds new light on the importance of interface engineering for further improvement of photoelectrochemical systems, especially concerning the role of catalysts and protection layers.

}, issn = {1998-0000}, doi = {10.1007/s12274-019-2346-3}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2346-3}, author = {Yumin He and Srinivas Vanka and Tianyue Gao and Da He and Jeremy Espano and Yanyan Zhao and Qi Dong and Chaochao Lang and Yongjie Wang and Thomas W. Hamann and Zetian Mi and Dunwei Wang} } @article {1183, title = {Direct Deposition of Crystalline Ta3N5 Thin Films on FTO for PEC Water Splitting}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, pages = {15457-15466}, keywords = {ALD, CVD, FTO, PEC, Photoanode, Ta3N5, Tantalum nitride}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b21194}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21194}, author = {Hajibabaei, Hamed and Little, Daniel J. and Pandey, Ayush and Wang, Dunwei and Mi, Zetian and Hamann, Thomas W.} } @article {1184, title = {Effect of direct-current operation on the electrochemical performance and structural evolution of Ni-YSZ electrodes}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Energy}, volume = {2}, year = {2019}, month = {12/2019}, pages = {014006}, abstract = {The effect of electrolysis operations on Ni-YSZ fuel electrode stability was studied at different current densities and fuel mixtures during 1000 h life tests. For a typical electrolysis mixture of 50\% H2/50\% H2O and 0.6 A cm-2 current density, cell ohmic resistance values were reasonably stable and no structural changes occurred. However, for more reducing conditions (97\% H2/3\% H2O), increasing the current density above 0.4 A cm-2 increased the ohmic resistance accompanied by significant electrolyte degradation including fracture and void formation at grain boundaries. Numerical analysis was carried out to determine the effective oxygen partial pressure across the electrolyte. The results show that the oxygen partial pressure values at high current density and low steam content may be low enough to reduce zirconia to form a Ni-Zr alloy product, initiating the observed electrolyte structural degradation.}, keywords = {durability, HTE, SOEC, Yttria-stabilized zirconia}, doi = {10.1088/2515-7655/ab59a6}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab59a6}, author = {Qinyuan Liu and Qian Zhang and Peter W Voorhees and Scott A Barnett} } @article {1186, title = {High performance III-V photoelectrodes for solar water splitting via synergistically tailored structure and stoichiometry}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, pages = {3388}, keywords = {Ammonium sulfide surface passivation, Antireflection, Density graded surface, GaInP2, III-V, PEC, Photocathode}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-11351-1}, author = {Lim, Haneol and Young, James L. and Geisz, John F. and Friedman, Daniel J. and Deutsch, Todd G. and Yoon, Jongseung} } @article {1065, title = {Initial approaches in benchmarking and round robin testing for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, month = {04/2019}, pages = {9174-9187}, abstract = {

Published on April 5th, 2019. As ever-increasing amounts of renewable electricity enter the energy supply mix on a regional, national and international basis, greater emphasis is being placed on energy conversion and storage technologies to deal with the oscillations, excess and lack of electricity. Hydrogen generation via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is one technology that offers a pathway to store large amounts of electricity in the form of hydrogen. The challenges to widespread adoption of PEM water electrolyzers lie in their high capital and operating costs which both need to be reduced through R\&D. An evaluation of reported PEMWE performance data in the literature reveals that there are excessive variations of in situ performance results that make it difficult to draw conclusions on the pathway forward to performance optimization and future R\&D directions. To enable the meaningful comparison of in situ performance evaluation across laboratories there is an obvious need for standardization of materials and testing protocols. Herein, we address this need by reporting the results of a round robin test effort conducted at the laboratories of five contributors to the IEA Electrolysis Annex 30. For this effort a method and equipment framework were first developed and then verified with respect to its feasibility for measuring water electrolysis performance accurately across the various laboratories. The effort utilized identical sets of test articles, materials, and test cells, and employed a set of shared test protocols. It further defined a minimum skeleton of requirements for the test station equipment. The maximum observed deviation between laboratories at 1\ A\ cm-2 at cell temperatures of 60\ {\textdegree}C and 80\ {\textdegree}C was 27 and 20\ mV, respectively. The deviation of the results from laboratory to laboratory was 2{\textendash}3 times higher than the lowest deviation observed at one single lab and test station. However, the highest deviations observed were one-tenth of those extracted by a literature survey on similar material sets. The work endorses the urgent need to identify one or more reference sets of materials in addition to the method and equipment framework introduced here, to enable accurate comparison of results across the entire community. The results further imply that cell temperature control appears to be the most significant source of deviation between results, and that care must be taken with respect to break-in conditions and cell electrical connections for meaningful performance data.

}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.074}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319919306585}, author = {G. Bender and M. Carmo and T. Smolinka and A. Gago and N. Danilovic and M. Mueller and F. Ganci and A. Fallisch and P. Lettenmeier and K. A. Friedrich and K. Ayers and B. Pivovar and J. Mergel and D. Stolten} } @article {796, title = {Integrated Membrane-Electrode-Assembly Photoelectrochemical Cell under Various Feed Conditions for Solar Water Splitting}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {166}, year = {2019}, note = {

{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n\ \n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}

}, pages = {H3020-H3028}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.0041905jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/lookup/doi/10.1149/2.0041905jes}, author = {Tobias A. Kistler and David Larson and Karl Walczak and Peter Agbo and Ian D. Sharp and Adam Z. Weber and Nemanja Danilovic} } @article {1066, title = {Interfacial Analysis of PEM Electrolyzer Using X-ray Computed Tomography}, journal = {Sustainable Energy \& Fuels}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.1039/C9SE00364A}, url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/se/c9se00364a}, author = {Emily Leonard and Andrew D.~Shum and Nemaja Danilovic and Christopher Capuano and Katherine E.~Ayers and Lalit Pant and Adam Z Weber and Xianghui Xiao and Dilworth Parkinson and Iryna V~Zenyuk} } @article {1187, title = {Interfacial engineering of gallium indium phosphide photoelectrodes for hydrogen evolution with precious metal and non-precious metal based catalysts}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {16821-16832}, abstract = {Gallium indium phosphide (GaInP2) is a semiconductor with promising optical and electronic properties to serve as the large bandgap, top junction in a dual absorber tandem solar water splitting device. Poor intrinsic catalytic ability and surface corrosion in aqueous electrolyte remain key obstacles. Significant progress has been made developing thin-film protection layers and active catalysts for photoelectrochemical devices, but combining these into a catalytic protection layer that can provide long-term stability without sacrificing performance has proven difficult due, in large part, to challenges in developing active and stable interfaces. In this work, we demonstrate that a nanoscale molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film functions both as an effective protection layer and excellent hydrogen evolution catalyst for GaInP2 photocathodes, with only a \~{}10\% loss in initial light-limited current density after 100 h, and a photocurrent onset potential better than that of the same state-of-the-art device with a platinum{\textendash}ruthenium catalyst. Using transient photoreflectance spectroscopy, we probed the carrier dynamics of these photocathodes and show that the MoS2 coated device exhibits improved electron transfer at the surface interface compared to the PtRu catalyzed device. These MoS2 protected devices are among the most active and stable single-absorber photocathodes for solar water splitting to date and offer a promising pathway towards generating hydrogen with high efficiency and significant longevity.}, keywords = {durability, GaInP2, III-V, MoS2 hydrogen evolution catalyst, MoS2 protective coating, PEC, Photocathode}, doi = {10.1039/C9TA05247J}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA05247J}, author = {Britto, Reuben J. and Young, James L. and Yang, Ye and Steiner, Myles A. and LaFehr, David T. and Friedman, Daniel J. and Beard, Mathew and Deutsch, Todd G. and Jaramillo, Thomas F.} } @article {1189, title = {Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis}, journal = {Energy Technology}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {1801154}, abstract = {High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a promising hydrogen production technology and has attracted substantial research attention over the last decade. While most studies are conducted on hydrogen electrode-supported type cells, SOEC operation using metal-supported cells has received minimal attention. The development of metal-supported SOECs with performance similar to the best conventional SOECs is reported. These cells have stainless steel supports on both sides, 10Sc1CeSZ electrolyte and electrode backbones, and nano-structured catalysts infiltrated on both hydrogen and oxygen electrode sides. Samarium-doped ceria (SDC) mixed with Ni is infiltrated as a hydrogen electrode catalyst, and the effect of ceria:Ni ratio is studied. On the oxygen electrode side, catalysts including lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), and their composite catalysts with SDC (i.e., LSM-SDC, LSCF-SDC, and Pr6O11-SDC) are compared. Using the materials with highest catalytic activity (Pr6O11-SDC and SDC40-Ni60) and optimizing the catalyst infiltration processes, excellent electrolysis performance of metal-supported cells is achieved. Current densities of -5.31, -4.09, -2.64, and -1.62 A cm-2 are achieved at 1.3 V and 50 vol\% steam content at 800, 750, 700, and 650 {\textdegree}C, respectively.}, keywords = {high-temperature steam electrolysis, Hydrogen production, infiltration, solid oxide electrolysis, solid oxide electrolyzer cells}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201801154}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ente.201801154}, author = {Wang, Ruofan and Dogdibegovic, Emir and Lau, Grace Y. and Tucker, Michael C.} } @article {704, title = {Phenyl Oxidation Impacts the Durability of Alkaline Membrane Water Electrolyzer}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {9696-9701}, abstract = {Published on March 13th, 2019. The durability of alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers is a critical requirement for implementing this technology in cost-effective hydrogen production. Here, we report that the electrochemical oxidation of the adsorbed phenyl group (found in the ionomer) on oxygen evolution catalysts produces phenol, which may cause performance deterioration in AEM electrolyzers. In-line 1H NMR kinetic analyses of phenyl oxidation in a model organic cation electrolyte shows that catalyst type significantly impacts the phenyl oxidation rate at an oxygen evolution potential. Density functional theory calculations show that the phenyl adsorption is a critical factor determining the phenyl oxidation. This research provides a path for the development of more durable AEM electrolyzers with components that can minimize the adverse impact induced by the phenyl group oxidation, such as the development of novel ionomers with fewer phenyl moieties or catalysts with less phenyl-adsorbing character.}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b00711}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00711}, author = {Dongguo Li and Ivana Matanovic and Albert S. Lee and Eun Joo Park and Cy Fujimoto and Hoon T. Chung and Yu Seung Kim} } @article {1191, title = {Progress in Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers with Symmetric Metal Supports and Infiltrated Electrodes}, journal = {ECS Transactions}, volume = {91}, year = {2019}, month = {07/2019}, pages = {877{\textendash}885}, abstract = {The LBNL metal-supported solid oxide cell architecture contains zirconia electrolyte and porous backbones co-sintered between porous stainless steel supports. Advantages of this design include low-cost structural materials, mechanical ruggedness, excellent tolerance to redox cycling, and extremely fast start-up capability. With infiltrated catalysts, high performance is also achieved: 1.5 W/cm2 with hydrogen fuel and 1.3 W/cm2 with internal reforming of ethanol fuel at 700 {\textdegree}C; 2.6 A/cm2 electrolysis current density at 1.3V and 50\% steam/50\% hydrogen at 700{\textdegree}C. Recent approaches to mitigating catalyst coarsening and Cr deposition within the cathode stabilize the microstructure during operation. The degradation rate is improved to 2.3\% kh-1 at 700{\textdegree}C in fuel cell mode. Electrolysis operation, however, results in higher degradation rate. Preliminary effort to fabricate metal-supported cells with proton conducting electrolyte is successful for La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, and specific challenges for BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ electrolyte are determined.}, keywords = {BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ electrolyte, HTE, La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, SOEC}, doi = {10.1149/09101.0877ecst}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/09101.0877ecst}, author = {Emir Dogdibegovic and Fengyu Shen and Ruofan Wang and Ian Robinson and Grace Y Lau and Michael C Tucker} } @article {1078, title = {The role of decomposition reactions in assessing first-principles predictions of solid stability}, journal = {npj Computational Materials}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, pages = {4}, abstract = {

Published on January 4th, 2019. The performance of density functional theory approximations for predicting materials thermodynamics is typically assessed by comparing calculated and experimentally determined enthalpies of formation from elemental phases, ΔHf. However, a compound competes thermodynamically with both other compounds and their constituent elemental forms, and thus, the enthalpies of the decomposition reactions to these competing phases, ΔHd, determine thermodynamic stability. We evaluated the phase diagrams for 56,791 compounds to classify decomposition reactions into three types: 1. those that produce elemental phases, 2. those that produce compounds, and 3. those that produce both. This analysis shows that the decomposition into elemental forms is rarely the competing reaction that determines compound stability and that approximately two-thirds of decomposition reactions involve no elemental phases. Using experimentally reported formation enthalpies for 1012 solid compounds, we assess the accuracy of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) (PBE) and meta-GGA (SCAN) density functionals for predicting compound stability. For 646 decomposition reactions that are not trivially the formation reaction, PBE (mean absolute difference between theory and experiment (MAD)\ =\ 70\ meV/atom) and SCAN (MAD\ =\ 59\ meV/atom) perform similarly, and commonly employed correction schemes using fitted elemental reference energies make only a negligible improvement (~2 meV/atom). Furthermore, for 231 reactions involving only compounds (Type 2), the agreement between SCAN, PBE, and experiment is within ~35\ meV/atom and is thus comparable to the magnitude of experimental uncertainty.

}, issn = {2057-3960}, doi = {10.1038/s41524-018-0143-2}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41524-018-0143-2}, author = {Christopher J. Bartel and Alan W. Weimer and Stephan Lany and Charles B. Musgrave and Aaron M. Holder} } @article {1193, title = {Synergistic Coupling of Proton Conductors BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ and La2Ce2O7 to Create Chemical Stable, Interface Active Electrolyte for Steam Electrolysis Cells}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, pages = {18323-18330}, keywords = {BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ, durability, HTE, La2Ce2O7, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cell, SOEC}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b00303}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00303}, author = {Li, Wenyuan and Guan, Bo and Ma, Liang and Tian, Hanchen and Liu, Xingbo} } @article {1071, title = {Unifying the Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reactions Kinetics in Base by Identifying the Catalytic Roles of Hydroxyl-Water-Cation Adducts}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {141}, year = {2019}, month = {02/2019}, pages = {3232-3239}, abstract = {

Published on February 20th, 2019. Despite the fundamental and practical significance of the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR), their kinetics in base remain unclear. Herein, we show that the alkaline HER/HOR kinetics can be unified by the catalytic roles of the adsorbed hydroxyl (OHad)-water-alkali metal cation (AM+) adducts, on the basis of the observations that enriching the OHad abundance via surface Ni benefits the HER/HOR; increasing the AM+ concentration only promotes the HER, while varying the identity of AM+ affects both HER/HOR. The presence of OHad-(H2O)x-AM+ in the double-layer region facilitates the OHad removal into the bulk, forming OH{\textendash}-(H2O)x-AM+ as per the hard{\textendash}soft acid{\textendash}base theory, thereby selectively promoting the HER. It can be detrimental to the HOR as per the bifunctional mechanism, as the AM+ destabilizes the OHad, which is further supported by the CO oxidation results. This new notion may be important for alkaline electrochemistry.

}, issn = {0002-7863}, doi = {10.1021/jacs.8b13228}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b13228}, author = {Ershuai Liu and Jingkun Li and Li Jiao and Huong Thi Thanh Doan and Zeyan Liu and Zipeng Zhao and Yu Huang and K. M. Abraham and Sanjeev Mukerjee and Qingying Jia} } @article {777, title = {Active Site Revealed for Water Oxidation on Electrochemically Induced δ - MnO 2 : Role of Spinel-to-Layer Phase Transition}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {140}, year = {2018}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1783-1792}, abstract = {Published on February 7th, 2018.}, issn = {0002-7863, 1520-5126}, doi = {10.1021/jacs.7b11393}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.7b11393}, author = {Ye-Fei Li and Zhi-Pan Liu} } @article {990, title = {Assessing the role of hydrogen in Fermi-level pinning in chalcopyrite and kesterite solar absorbers from first-principles calculations}, journal = {Journal of Applied Physics}, volume = {123}, year = {2018}, note = {

{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n\ \n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}

}, pages = {161408}, abstract = {

Publshed on March 7th, 2018. Understanding the impact of impurities in solar absorbers is critical to engineering high-performance in devices, particularly over extended periods of time. Here, we use hybrid functional calculations to explore the role of hydrogen interstitial (Hi) defects in the electronic properties of a number of attractive solar absorbers within the chalcopyrite and kesterite families to identify how this common impurity may influence device performance. Our results identify that Hi can inhibit the highly p-type conditions desirable for several higher-band gap absorbers and that H incorporation could detrimentally affect the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and limit device efficiencies. Additionally, we find that Hi can drive the Fermi level away from the valence band edge enough to lead to n-type conductivity in a number of chalcopyrite and kesterite absorbers, particularly those containing Ag rather than Cu. We find that these effects can lead to interfacial Fermi-level pinning that can qualitatively explain the observed performance in high-Ga content CIGSe solar cells that exhibit saturation in the Voc with increasing band gap. Our results suggest that compositional grading rather than bulk alloying, such as by creating In-rich surfaces, may be a better strategy to favorably engineering improved thin-film photovoltaics with larger-band gap absorbers.

}, issn = {0021-8979}, doi = {10.1063/1.5006272}, url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5006272}, author = {J. B. Varley and V. Lordi and T. Ogitsu and A. Deangelis and K. Horsley and N. Gaillard} } @article {1062, title = {Cobalt-substituted SrTi0.3Fe0.7O3-δ: a stable high-performance oxygen electrode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {11}, year = {2018}, month = {07/2018}, pages = {1870-1879}, abstract = {

Published on July 11th, 2018. A key need in the development of solid oxide cells (SOCs) is for electrodes that promote fast oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions at reduced operating temperature (<=700 {\textdegree}C), with sufficient durability to allow operation over desired 40 000 h lifetimes. A wide range of electrode materials have been investigated, with some providing resistance low enough for cell operation below 700 {\textdegree}C, but it is generally found that the electrode performance degrades over time. Here we demonstrate an oxygen electrode material, Sr(Ti0.3Fe0.7-xCox)O3-δ (STFC), that provides a unique combination of excellent oxygen electrode performance and long-term stability. The addition of a relatively small amount of Co to Sr(Ti0.3Fe0.7)O3-δ, e.g., x = 0.07, reduces the electrode polarization resistance by \>2 times. The STFC electrode yields stable performance in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes at 1 A cm-2. The fundamental oxygen diffusion and surface exchange coefficients of STFC are determined, and shown to be substantially better than those of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ, the most widely used SOC oxygen electrode material. While other electrode materials have been shown to exhibit better oxygen transport coefficients than STFC, they do not match its stability.

}, doi = {10.1039/C8EE00449H}, url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/ee/c8ee00449h}, author = {Shan-Lin Zhang and Hongqian Wang and Matthew Y. Lu and Ai-Ping Zhang and Liliana V. Mogni and Qinyuan Liu and Cheng-Xin Li and Chang-Jiu Li and Scott A. Barnett} } @article {1040, title = {Communication: The electronic entropy of charged defect formation and its impact on thermochemical redox cycles}, journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics}, volume = {148}, year = {2018}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {071101}, abstract = {Published on February 16th, 2018. The ideal material for solar thermochemical water splitting, which has yet to be discovered, must satisfy stringent conditions for the free energy of reduction, including, in particular, a sufficiently large positive contribution from the solid-state entropy. By inverting the commonly used relationship between defect formation energy and defect concentration, it is shown here that charged defect formation causes a large electronic entropy contribution manifesting itself as the temperature dependence of the Fermi level. This result is a general feature of charged defect formation and motivates new materials design principles for solar thermochemical hydrogen production.}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.5022176}, url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5022176}, author = {Stephan Lany} } @article {1064, title = {Current understandings of the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions in base}, journal = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry}, volume = {12}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {209-217}, issn = {2451-9103}, doi = {10.1016/j.coelec.2018.11.017}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245191031830214X}, author = {Qingying Jia and Ershuai Liu and Li Jiao and Jingkun Li and Sanjeev Mukerjee} } @article {1195, title = {High performing triple-conductive Pr2NiO4+δ anode for proton-conducting steam solid oxide electrolysis cell }, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, pages = {18057-18066}, abstract = {The development of proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells for the intermediate-temperature range application is largely hindered by the limited choice of adequate anode materials. In this study, the popular solid oxide fuel cell cathode material Pr2NiO4+δ (PNO) is investigated as the anode for the electrolysis cell, considering its proton-conducting ability. The introduction of protons into the PNO lattice is confirmed through insertion-induced conductivity variation measurements. Good chemical compatibility is verified between PNO and BaZr0.2Ce0.6Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY) proton-conducting electrolyte. Excellent catalytic activity towards water splitting is observed for the PNO{\textendash}BZCY composite anode, 0.52 Ω cm2 for 550 {\textdegree}C, 0.057 Ω cm2 for 700 {\textdegree}C. The water-splitting process is disclosed by impedance spectroscopy measured under different conditions. Due to proton conduction in PNO, the PNO surface is activated for electrochemical reactions. The non-charge transfer processes account little to the electrode resistance. The performance of the PNO{\textendash}BZCY anode is determined by two charge transfer processes whose kinetics are governed the electrolyzing potential. This charge transfer-limiting nature is relatively benign since the electrode resistance has been found to exponentially reduce with increasing overpotential. Cathode-supported Ni{\textendash}BZCY//BZCY//PNO{\textendash}BZCY thin film electrolyte single cells are fabricated and characterized. \~{}95\% current efficiency is confirmed. At 700 {\textdegree}C, a current density of 977 mA cm-2 is achieved at a 1.3 V electrolyzing potential, e.g. 0.37 V overpotential, which is one of the best performances of proton-conducting steam electrolysis cells so far. The PNO{\textendash}BZCY anode accounts only for 16\% of the overall polarization resistance at 700 {\textdegree}C. These findings prove that the triple-conductive PNO is a promising anode material for proton-based steam electrolysis cells.}, keywords = {BaZr0.2Ce0.6Y0.2O3-δ, HTE, Pr2NiO4+δ, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, SOEC}, doi = {10.1039/C8TA04018D}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8TA04018D}, author = {Li, Wenyuan and Guan, Bo and Ma, Liang and Hu, Shanshan and Zhang, Nan and Liu, Xingbo} } @article {798, title = {Low-Cost, Efficient, and Durable H2 Production by Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with CuGa3Se5 Photocathodes}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, note = {

{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n\ \n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}

}, pages = {19573-19579}, abstract = {

Published on June 13th, 2018. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an elegant method of converting sunlight and water into H2 fuel. To be commercially advantageous, PEC devices must become cheaper, more efficient, and much more durable. This work examines low-cost polycrystalline chalcopyrite films, which are successful as photovoltaic absorbers, for application as PEC absorbers. In particular, Cu{\textendash}Ga{\textendash}Se films with wide band gaps can be employed as top cell photocathodes in tandem devices as a realistic route to high efficiencies. In this report, we demonstrate that decreasing Cu/Ga composition from 0.66 to 0.31 in Cu{\textendash}Ga{\textendash}Se films increased the band gap from 1.67 to 1.86 eV and decreased saturated photocurrent density from 18 to 8 mA/cm2 as measured by chopped-light current{\textendash}voltage (CLIV) measurements in a 0.5 M sulfuric acid electrolyte. Buffer and catalyst surface treatments were not applied to the Cu{\textendash}Ga{\textendash}Se films, and they exhibited promising stability, evidenced by unchanged CLIV after 9 months of storage in air. Finally, films with Cu/Ga = 0.36 (approximately stoichiometric CuGa3Se5) and 1.86 eV band gaps had exceptional durability and continuously split water for 17 days (\~{}12 mA/cm2 at -1 V vs RHE). This is equivalent to \~{}17\ 200 C/cm2, which is a world record for any polycrystalline PEC absorber. These results indicate that CuGa3Se5 films are prime candidates for cheaply achieving efficient and durable PEC water splitting.

}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b01447}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b01447}, author = {Christopher P. Muzzillo and W. Ellis Klein and Zhen Li and Alexander Daniel DeAngelis and Kimberly Horsley and Kai Zhu and Nicolas Gaillard} } @article {1069, title = {Performance enhancement of PEM electrolyzers through iridium-coated titanium porous transport layers}, journal = {Electrochemistry Communications}, volume = {97}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {96-99}, abstract = {

Published on December 1st, 2018. Titanium-based porous transport layers (PTL) used in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers suffer from surface passivation (titanium oxidation), which increases the interface resistance between the PTL and electrode. For long-term operation, PTLs are typically coated with considerable amounts of platinum or gold to ensure reasonable performance profiles over time. Moreover, it is well known that the oxide forms of platinum and gold are not stable under electrolysis conditions. In this study, an easy and scalable method is introduced to protect the titanium PTL from passivation by sputtering very thin layers of iridium onto commercially-available titanium PTLs. The iridium layer reduces the overall ohmic resistance of the PTL/catalyst layer interface and improves the cell{\textquoteright}s performance to that achieved with carbon-based PTLs. The coating process homogeneously deposited iridium throughout the inner structure of the PTL. The findings of this study may lead to the use of iridium as a protective layer for titanium PTLs, potentially enable operation at increased cell voltages and lead to increased electrolyzer durability.

}, issn = {1388-2481}, doi = {10.1016/j.elecom.2018.10.021}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248118302741}, author = {Chang Liu and Marcelo Carmo and Guido Bender and Andreas Everwand and Thomas Lickert and James L. Young and Tom Smolinka and Detlef Stolten and Werner Lehnert} } @article {1076, title = {Physical descriptor for the Gibbs energy of inorganic crystalline solids and temperature-dependent materials chemistry}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, month = {10/2018}, pages = {4168}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06682-4}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06682-4}, author = {Christopher J. Bartel and Samantha L. Millican and Ann M. Deml and John R. Rumptz and William Tumas and Alan W. Weimer and Stephan Lany and Vladan Stevanovi{\'c} and Charles B. Musgrave and Aaron M. Holder} } @article {823, title = {A novel CeO2{\textendash}xSnO2/Ce2Sn2O7 pyrochlore cycle for enhanced solar thermochemical water splitting}, journal = {AIChE Journal}, volume = {63}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {3450-3462}, abstract = {Published in August 2017.}, issn = {00011541}, doi = {10.1002/aic.15701}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aic.15701}, author = {Chongyan Ruan and Yuan Tan and Lin Li and Junhu Wang and Xiaoyan Liu and Xiaodong Wang} } @article {988, title = {Self-optimizing, highly surface-active layered metal dichalcogenide catalysts for hydrogen evolution}, journal = {Nature Energy}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, note = {

{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n\ \n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}

}, pages = {17127}, author = {Yuanyue Liu and Jingjie Wu and Ken P Hackenberg and Y. Morris Wang and Yingchao Yang and Kunttal Keyshar and Jing Gu and Tadashi Ogitsu and Robert Vajtai and Jun Lou and Pulickel M. Ajayan and Brandon C. Wood and Boris I. Yakobson} } @article {991, title = {Acidic or Alkaline? Towards a New Perspective on the Efficiency of Water Electrolysis}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {163}, year = {2016}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {F3197-F3208}, abstract = {Published on January 1st, 2016. Water electrolysis is a promising technology for enabling the storage of surplus electricity produced by intermittent renewable power sources in the form of hydrogen. At the core of this technology is the electrolyte, and whether this is acidic or alkaline affects the reaction mechanisms, gas purities and is of significant importance for the stability and activity of the electrocatalysts. This article presents a simple but precise physical model to describe the voltage-current characteristic, heat balance, gas crossover and cell efficiency of water electrolyzers. State-of-the-art water electrolysis cells with acidic and alkaline electrolyte are experimentally characterized in order to parameterize the model. A rigorous comparison shows that alkaline water electrolyzers with Ni-based catalysts but thinner separators than those typically used is expected be more efficient than acidic water electrolysis with Ir and Pt based catalysts. This performance difference was attributed mainly to a similar conductivity but approximately 38-fold higher diffusivities of hydrogen and oxygen in the acidic polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion) than those in the alkaline separator (Zirfon filled with a 30 wt} KOH solution). With reference to the detailed analysis of the cell characteristics, perspectives for the improvement of the efficiency of water electrolyzers are discussed.}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.0271611jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/163/11/F3197}, author = {Maximilian Schalenbach and Geert Tjarks and Marcelo Carmo and Wiebke Lueke and Martin Mueller and Detlef Stolten} } @article {1011, title = {An analysis of degradation phenomena in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, volume = {326}, year = {2016}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {120-128}, abstract = {Published on September 15th, 2016. The durability of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis single cell, assembled with regular porous transport layers (PTLs) is investigated for just over 1000~h. We observe a significant degradation rate of 194~μV~h-1 and conclude that 78\% of the detectable degradation can be explained by an increase in ohmic resistance, arising from the anodic Ti-PTL. Analysis of the polarization curves also indicates a decrease in the anodic exchange current density, j0, that results from the over-time contamination of the anode with Ti species. Furthermore, the average Pt-cathode particle size increases during the test, but we do not believe this phenomenon makes a significant contribution to increased cell voltages. To validate the anode Ti-PTL as a crucial source of increasing resistance, a second cell is assembled using Pt-coated Ti-PTLs. This yields a substantially reduced degradation rate of only 12~μV~h-1, indicating that a non-corroding anode PTL is vital for PEM electrolyzers. It is our hope that forthcoming tailored PTLs will not only contribute to fast progress on cost-efficient stacks, but also to its long-term application of PEM electrolyzers involved in industrial processes.}, issn = {0378-7753}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.082}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775316307844}, author = {Christoph Rakousky and Uwe Reimer and Klaus Wippermann and Marcelo Carmo and Wiebke Lueke and Detlef Stolten} } @conference {862, title = {Design and construction of a cascading pressure reactor prototype for solar-thermochemical hydrogen production}, volume = {1734}, year = {2016}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {120001}, address = {Cape Town, South Africa}, doi = {10.1063/1.4949203}, url = {http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.4949203}, author = {Ivan Ermanoski and Johannes Grobbel and Abhishek Singh and Justin Lapp and Stefan Brendelberger and Martin Roeb and Christian Sattler and Josh Whaley and Anthony McDaniel and Nathan P. Siegel} } @article {951, title = {Design of a Solar Reactor to Split CO2 Via Isothermal Redox Cycling of Ceria}, journal = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering}, volume = {137}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {031007}, url = {https://solarenergyengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleID=1920469}, author = {Roman Bader and Rohini Bala Chandran and Luke J. Venstrom and Stephen J. Sedler and Peter T. Krenzke and Robert M. De Smith and Aayan Banerjee and Thomas R. Chase and Jane H. Davidson and Wojciech Lipi{\'L} and } } @article {1006, title = {Methods for comparing the performance of energy-conversion systems for use in solar fuels and solar electricity generation}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {8}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2886-2901}, doi = {10.1039/C5EE00777A}, url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2015/EE/C5EE00777A}, author = {Robert H.~Coridan and Adam C.~Nielander and Sonja A.~Francis and Matthew T.~McDowell and Victoria Dix and Shawn M.~Chatman and Nathan S.~Lewis} } @article {954, title = {Perovskite promoted iron oxide for hybrid water-splitting and syngas generation with exceptional conversion}, journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.}, volume = {8}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {535-539}, issn = {1754-5692, 1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/C4EE03431G}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4EE03431G}, author = {Feng He and Fanxing Li} } @article {846, title = {CeO2 modified Fe2O3 for the chemical hydrogen storage and production via cyclic water splitting}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {39}, year = {2014}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {13381-13388}, abstract = {Published in August 2014.}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.136}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S036031991401194X}, author = {Xing Zhu and Lingyue Sun and Yane Zheng and Hua Wang and Yonggang Wei and Kongzhai Li} } @article {810, title = {Characterization of Two-Step Tin-Based Redox System for Thermochemical Fuel Production from Solar-Driven CO 2 and H 2 O Splitting Cycle}, journal = {Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry Research}, volume = {53}, year = {2014}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {5668-5677}, abstract = {Published on April 9th, 2014.}, issn = {0888-5885, 1520-5045}, doi = {10.1021/ie500206u}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie500206u}, author = {Ga{\"e}l Lev{\^e}que and St{\'e}phane Abanades and Jean-Claude Jumas and Josette Olivier-Fourcade} } @article {838, title = {Analysis and improvement of a high-efficiency solar cavity reactor design for a two-step thermochemical cycle for solar hydrogen production from water}, journal = {Solar Energy}, volume = {97}, year = {2013}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {26-38}, abstract = {Published in November 2013.}, issn = {0038092X}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2013.07.032}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X13003071}, author = {Anis Houaijia and Christian Sattler and Martin Roeb and Matthias Lange and Stefan Breuer and Jan Peter S{\"a}ck} } @article {816, title = {Analytical Model of CeO 2 Oxidation and Reduction}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {117}, year = {2013}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {24129-24137}, abstract = {Published on November 21st, 2013.}, issn = {1932-7447, 1932-7455}, doi = {10.1021/jp406578z}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp406578z}, author = {B. Bulfin and A. J. Lowe and K. A. Keogh and B. E. Murphy and O. L{\"u}bben and S. A. Krasnikov and I. V. Shvets} } @article {824, title = {A Model of Transient Heat and Mass Transfer in a Heterogeneous Medium of Ceria Undergoing Nonstoichiometric Reduction}, journal = {Journal of Heat Transfer}, volume = {135}, year = {2013}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {052701}, abstract = {Published on April 11th, 2013.}, issn = {0022-1481}, doi = {10.1115/1.4023494}, url = {http://heattransfer.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4023494}, author = {Daniel J. Keene and Jane H. Davidson and Wojciech Lipi{\'n}ski} } @article {815, title = {Atomic layer deposited thin film metal oxides for fuel production in a solar cavity reactor}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {16888-16894}, abstract = {Published in November 2012.}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.004}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319912017703}, author = {Paul Lichty and Xinhua Liang and Christopher Muhich and Brian Evanko and Carl Bingham and Alan W. Weimer} } @article {898, title = {CoFe2O4 on a Porous Al2O3 Nanostructure for Solar Thermochemical CO2 Splitting}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {5}, year = {2012}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {9438-9444}, issn = {1754-5692, 1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/c2ee22090c}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c2ee22090c}, author = {Darwin Arifin and Victoria J. Aston and Xinhua Liang and Anthony H. McDaniel and Alan W. Weimer} } @article {901, title = {Dopant Incorporation in Ceria for Enhanced Water-Splitting Activity During Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Generation}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {116}, year = {2012}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {13516{\textendash}13523}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp302146c}, author = {A. Le Gal and S. Abanades} } @article {809, title = {CO2 and H2O Splitting for Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuels Using Nonstoichiometric Ceria and Ceria/Zirconia Solid Solutions}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, volume = {25}, year = {2011}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4836-4845}, abstract = {Published on October 20th, 2011.}, issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029}, doi = {10.1021/ef200972r}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef200972r}, author = {Alex Le Gal and St{\'e}phane Abanades and Gilles Flamant} } @article {886, title = {Investigation of Reactive Cerium-Based Oxides for H2 Production by Thermochemical Two-Step Water-Splitting}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4163{\textendash}4173}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/G26346278216MJ23.pdf}, author = {S. Abanades and A. Legal and A. Cordier and G. Peraudeau and G. Flamant and A. Julbe} } @article {819, title = {A Spinel Ferrite/Hercynite Water-Splitting Redox Cycle}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {35}, year = {2010}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {3333-3340}, abstract = {Published in April 2010.}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.140}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319910002387}, author = {Jonathan R. Scheffe and Jianhua Li and Alan W. Weimer} } @inbook {800, title = {Synthesis and characterization of ferrite materials for thermochemical CO2 splitting using concentrated solar energy}, year = {2010}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1{\textendash}13}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, organization = {American Chemical Society}, author = {Andrea Ambrosini and Eric N Coker and Mark A Rodriguez and Stephanie Livers and Lindsey R Evans and James E Miller and Ellen B Stechel} } @article {975, title = {Design of a pilot scale directly irradiated, high temperature, and low pressure moving particle cavity chamber for metal oxide reduction}, journal = {Solar Energy}, volume = {157}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {365-376}, issn = {0038092X}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.040}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X17307181}, author = {Abhishek Singh and Justin Lapp and Johannes Grobbel and Stefan Brendelberger and Jan P. Reinhold and Lamark Olivera and Ivan Ermanoski and Nathan P. Siegel and Anthony McDaniel and Martin Roeb and Christian Sattler} } @article {1020, title = {Durable Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Systems Operating at High Current Densities}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta}, volume = {210}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {502-511}, abstract = {High efficiencies, wide operation range and rapid response time have motivated the recent interest in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis for hydrogen generation with surplus electricity. However, degradation at high current densities and the associated mechanism has not been thoroughly explored so far. In this work, membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) from different suppliers are aged in a commercial PEM electrolyzer (2.5Nm3H2h--1), operating up to 4Acm--2 for more than 750h. In all cases, the cell voltage (Ecell) decreases during the testing period. Interestingly, the cells with Ir-black anodes exhibit the highest performance with the lowest precious metal loading (1mgcm-2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows a progressive decrease in the specific exchange current, while the ohmic resistance decreases when doubling the nominal current density. This effect translates into an enhancement of cell efficiency at high current densities. However, Ir concurrently leaches out and diffuses into the membrane. No decrease in membrane thickness is observed at the end of the tests. High current densities do not lead to lowering the performance of the PEM electrolyzer over time, although MEA components degrade, in particular the anode.}, issn = {0013-4686}, doi = {10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.164}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468616310167}, author = {P. Lettenmeier and R. Wang and R. Abouatallah and S. Helmly and T. Morawietz and R. Hiesgen and S. Kolb and F. Burggraf and J. Kallo and A. S. Gago and K. A. Friedrich} } @article {754, title = {Effects of the Incorporation of Sc2O3 into CeO2{\textendash}ZrO2 Solid Solution: Structural Characterization and in Situ XANES/TPR Study under H2 Atmosphere}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {120}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {24165-24175}, abstract = {Nanostructured CeO2-rich samples cosubstituted with ZrO2 and Sc2O3 are studied. The effects of the combined additions of both oxides on structural, morphological, and, especially, redox properties of the substituted lattice are assessed. In situ near edge X-ray absorption (XANES) experiments with synchrotron light were performed to study oxygen exchange capacity in a reducing environment for these ternary oxides. Structural characterization revealed that up to 8 at. \% Sc was successfully incorporated into the CeO2{\textendash}ZrO2 lattice without phase segregation. Increased scandia solubility was achieved through a soft chemical route synthesis involving citrate complexation which gave rise to porous powders with crystallite sizes in the nanometer range. In situ XANES experiments in 5 mol \% H2/He atmosphere demonstrated that adding Sc3+ to the CeO2{\textendash}ZrO2 mixed oxide leads to a ternary system (Ce0.9ScxZr0.1{\textendash}xO2-δ) with faster reduction kinetics and enhanced reducibility in the whole temperature range analyzed (25{\textendash}800 {\textdegree}C) compared to both binary materials: Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 and Ce0.9Sc0.1O1.95.}, issn = {1932-7447}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07847}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07847}, author = {Luc{\'\i}a M. Toscani and Aldo F. Craievich and M{\'a}rcia C. A. Fantini and Diego G. Lamas and Susana A. Larrondo} } @article {900, title = {Efficiency of two-step solar thermochemical non-stoichiometric redox cycles with~heat recovery}, journal = {Energy}, volume = {37}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {591-600}, issn = {03605442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2011.10.045}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544211007122}, author = {J. Lapp and J.H. Davidson and W. Lipi{\'n}ski} } @article {930, title = {Efficient generation of H2 by splitting water with an isothermal redox cycle}, journal = {Science}, volume = {341}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {540-542}, issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1239454}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1239454}, author = {C. L. Muhich and B. W. Evanko and K. C. Weston and P. Lichty and X. Liang and J. Martinek and C. B. Musgrave and A. W. Weimer} } @article {905, title = {Efficient Solar-Driven Synthesis, Carbon Capture, and Desalinization, STEP: Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of Fuels, Metals, Bleach}, journal = {Advanced Materials}, volume = {23}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {5592-5612}, issn = {09359648}, doi = {10.1002/adma.201103198}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/adma.201103198}, author = {S. Licht} } @article {765, title = {Electronic properties of crystalline materials observed in X-ray diffraction}, journal = {Physics Reports}, volume = {411}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {233-289}, issn = {03701573}, doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2005.01.003}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0370157305000682}, author = {S Lovesey and E Balcar and K Knight and J Fernandezrodriguez} } @article {840, title = {Experimental study of SnO 2 /SnO/Sn thermochemical systems for solar production of hydrogen}, journal = {AIChE Journal}, volume = {54}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2759-2767}, issn = {00011541, 15475905}, doi = {10.1002/aic.11584}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aic.11584}, author = {Patrice Charvin and St{\'e}phane Abanades and Florent Lemont and Gilles Flamant} } @article {767, title = {Fabrication and testing of CONTISOL: A new receiver-reactor for day and night solar thermochemistry}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, volume = {127}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {46-57}, issn = {13594311}, doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.001}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359431116328502}, author = {Justin L. Lapp and Matthias Lange and Ren{\'e} Rieping and Lamark de Oliveira and Martin Roeb and Christian Sattler} } @article {974, title = {H 2 O splitting via a two-step solar thermoelectrolytic cycle based on non-stoichiometric ceria redox reactions: Thermodynamic analysis}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {42}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {18785-18793}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.098}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319917324114}, author = {Garrett L. Schieber and Ellen B. Stechel and Andrea Ambrosini and James E. Miller and Peter G. Loutzenhiser} } @article {839, title = {Heat Transfer Analysis of a Solid-Solid Heat Recuperation System for Solar-Driven Nonstoichiometric Redox Cycles}, journal = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering}, volume = {135}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {031004}, issn = {0199-6231}, doi = {10.1115/1.4023357}, url = {http://solarenergyengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1115/1.4023357}, author = {Justin Lapp and Jane H. Davidson and Wojciech Lipi{\'n}ski} } @article {970, title = {High temperature hydrogen production: Design of a 750kW demonstration plant for a two-step thermochemical cycle}, journal = {Solar Energy}, volume = {135}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {232-241}, issn = {0038092X}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2016.05.059}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X16301773}, author = {J.-P. S{\"a}ck and S. Breuer and P. Cotelli and A. Houaijia and M. Lange and M. Wullenkord and C. Spenke and M. Roeb and Chr. Sattler} } @article {746, title = {High Temperature Structural Study of Gd-Doped Ceria by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (673 K <= T <= 1073 K)}, journal = {Inorganic Chemistry}, volume = {53}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {10140-10149}, abstract = {The crystallographic features of Gd-doped ceria were investigated at the operating temperature of solid oxides fuel cells, where these materials are used as solid electrolytes. (Ce1{\textendash}xGdx)O2-x/2 samples (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) were prepared by coprecipitation of mixed oxalates, treated at 1473 K in air, and analyzed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 673 K <= T <= 1073 K at the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility located in Trieste, Italy. In the whole temperature span a boundary was found at x \~{} 0.2 between a CeO2-based solid solution (for x <= 0.2) and a structure where Gd2O3 microdomains grow within the CeO2 matrix, taking advantage of the similarity between Gd3+ and Ce4+ sizes; the existence of the boundary at x \~{} 0.2 was confirmed also by measurements of ionic conductivity performed by impedance spectroscopy. Similar to what observed at room temperature, the trend of the cell parameter shows the presence of a maximum; with increasing temperature, the composition corresponding to the maximum moves toward lower Gd content. This evidence can be explained by analyzing the behavior of the coefficient of thermal expansion as a function of composition.}, issn = {0020-1669}, doi = {10.1021/ic5011242}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/ic5011242}, author = {Cristina Artini and Marcella Pani and Andrea Lausi and Roberto Masini and Giorgio A. Costa} } @article {943, title = {Hydrogen production by water splitting on manganese ferrite-sodium carbonate mixture: Feasibility tests in a packed bed solar reactor-receiver}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {39}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {20920-20929}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.10.105}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319914029450}, author = {Francesca Varsano and Maria Anna Murmura and Bruno Brunetti and Franco Padella and Aurelio La Barbera and Carlo Alvani and Maria Cristina Annesini} } @article {748, title = {Investigation of oxygen vacancies in CeO2/Pt system with synchrotron light techniques}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, volume = {712}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {012064}, issn = {1742-6596}, doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012064}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1088\%2F1742-6596\%2F712\%2F1\%2F012064}, author = {L. Braglia and A. L. Bugaev and K. A. Lomachenko and A. V. Soldatov and C. Lamberti and A. A. Guda} } @article {1014, title = {Investigations on degradation of the long-term proton exchange membrane water electrolysis stack}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, volume = {267}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {515-520}, abstract = {A 9-cell proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis stack is developed and tested for 7800~h. The average degradation rate of 35.5~μV~h-1 per cell is measured. The 4th MEA of the stack is offline investigated and characterized. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the charge transfer resistance and ionic resistance of the cell both increase. The linear sweep scan (LSV) shows the hydrogen crossover rate of the membrane has slight increase. The electron probe X-ray microanalyze (EPMA) illustrates further that Ca, Cu and Fe elements distribute in the membrane and catalyst layers of the catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs). The cations occupy the ion exchange sites of the Nafion polymer electrolyte in the catalyst layers and membrane, which results in the increase in the anode and the cathode overpotentials. The metallic impurities originate mainly from the feed water and the components of the electrolysis unit. Fortunately, the degradation was reversible and can be almost recovered to the initial performance by using 0.5~M H2SO4. This indicates the performance degradation of the stack running 7800~h is mainly caused by a recoverable contamination.}, issn = {0378-7753}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.117}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775314008106}, author = {Shucheng Sun and Zhigang Shao and Hongmei Yu and Guangfu Li and Baolian Yi} } @article {1010, title = {Low-Cost and Durable Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {44035}, abstract = {Cost reduction and high efficiency are the mayor challenges for sustainable H2 production via proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Titanium-based components such as bipolar plates (BPP) have the largest contribution to the capital cost. This work proposes the use of stainless steel BPPs coated with Nb and Ti by magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD) and vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), respectively. The physical properties of the coatings are thoroughly characterized by scanning electron, atomic force microscopies (SEM, AFM); and X-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopies (XRD, XPS). The Ti coating (50 μm) protects the stainless steel substrate against corrosion, while a 50-fold thinner layer of Nb decreases the contact resistance by almost one order of magnitude. The Nb/Ti-coated stainless steel bipolar BPPs endure the harsh environment of the anode for more than 1000 h of operation under nominal conditions, showing a potential use in PEM electrolyzers for large-scale H2 production from renewables.}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep44035}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44035}, author = {P. Lettenmeier and R. Wang and R. Abouatallah and B. Saruhan and O. Freitag and P. Gazdzicki and T. Morawietz and R. Hiesgen and A. S. Gago and K. A. Friedrich} } @article {1009, title = {Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane water electrolyzer bipolar plates}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {42}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2713-2723}, abstract = {Titanium based BiPolar Plates (BPPs) are commonly used in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWEs) today as they can withstand the harsh operating conditions experienced inside an operating PEM water electrolyzer. In particular, the high anode potential and acidic nature of the PEM is crucial for BPP performance. In this work we expand the investigation of non-coated materials at relevant operating conditions to include molybdenum, 254 SMO, tungsten, AISI 316L, AISI 304L, Inconel 625, niobium and tantalum, in addition to Titanium gr. 2. Pre-designed potentiostatic and potentiodynamic tests at potentials up to 2.0 VSHE were performed in addition to Interfacial Contact Resistance (ICR) and weight loss measurements. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging was conducted to observe morphology changes during the electrochemical tests. Titanium, tantalum and niobium experienced little or no weight change during potentiostatic polarization, while for AISI 304L, AISI 316L and tungsten the measured weight loss was much lower than the weight loss calculated from currents produced. When the potentiostatic test was prolonged for titanium, the ICR was found to increase with time. Auger Electron Spectroscopy measurements confirmed that the increase in ICR for titanium, tantalum and niobium is related to an increased thickness of surface oxides.}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.11.106}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319916307613}, author = {Sigrid L{\ae}dre and Ole Edvard Kongstein and Anders Oedegaard and H{\r a}vard Karoliussen and Frode Seland} } @article {1007, title = {Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {8}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2863-2885}, abstract = {Materials and photoelectrode architectures that are highly efficient, extremely stable, and made from low cost materials are required for commercially viable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting technology. A key challenge is the heterogeneous nature of real-world materials, which often possess spatial variation in their crystal structure, morphology, and/or composition at the nano-, micro-, or macro-scale. Different structures and compositions can have vastly different properties and can therefore strongly influence the overall performance of the photoelectrode through complex structure{\textendash}property relationships. A complete understanding of photoelectrode materials would also involve elucidation of processes such as carrier collection and electrochemical charge transfer that occur at very fast time scales. We present herein an overview of a broad suite of experimental and computational tools that can be used to define the structure{\textendash}property relationships of photoelectrode materials at small dimensions and on fast time scales. A major focus is on in situ scanning-probe measurement (SPM) techniques that possess the ability to measure differences in optical, electronic, catalytic, and physical properties with nano- or micro-scale spatial resolution. In situ ultrafast spectroscopic techniques, used to probe carrier dynamics involved with processes such as carrier generation, recombination, and interfacial charge transport, are also discussed. Complementing all of these experimental techniques are computational atomistic modeling tools, which can be invaluable for interpreting experimental results, aiding in materials discovery, and interrogating PEC processes at length and time scales not currently accessible by experiment. In addition to reviewing the basic capabilities of these experimental and computational techniques, we highlight key opportunities and limitations of applying these tools for the development of PEC materials.}, issn = {1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/C5EE00835B}, url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ee/c5ee00835b}, author = {Daniel V. Esposito and Jason B. Baxter and Jimmy John and Nathan S. Lewis and Thomas P. Moffat and Tadashi Ogitsu and Glen D. O{\textquoteright}Neil and Tuan Anh Pham and A. Alec Talin and Jesus M. Velazquez and Brandon C. Wood} } @article {925, title = {Modification of CeO2 on the redox property of Fe2O3}, journal = {Materials Letters}, volume = {93}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {129-132}, issn = {0167577X}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2012.09.039}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167577X12013195}, author = {Kongzhai Li and Masaaki Haneda and Zhenhua Gu and Hua Wang and Masakuni Ozawa} } @article {790, title = {Photochemical Water Oxidation by Crystalline Polymorphs of Manganese Oxides: Structural Requirements for Catalysis}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {135}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {3494-3501}, issn = {0002-7863, 1520-5126}, doi = {10.1021/ja310286h}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja310286h}, author = {David M. Robinson and Yong Bok Go and Michelle Mui and Graeme Gardner and Zhijuan Zhang and Daniel Mastrogiovanni and Eric Garfunkel and Jing Li and Martha Greenblatt and G. Charles Dismukes} } @article {1032, title = {Quality Assurance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Electrolyser (SOEC) Stacks}, journal = {ECS Transactions}, volume = {78}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2077-2086}, abstract = {In the EU-funded project {\textquotedblleft}Solid oxide cell and stack testing and quality assurance{\textquotedblright} (SOCTESQA) standardized and industry wide test modules and programs for high temperature solid oxide cells and stacks are being developed. These test procedures can be applied for the fuel cell (SOFC), the electrolysis (SOEC) and in the combined SOFC/SOEC mode. In order to optimize the test modules the project partners have tested identical SOC stacks with the same test programs in several testing campaigns. Altogether 10 pre-normative test modules were developed: Start-up, current-voltage characteristics, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, reactant utilization, reactant gas composition, temperature sensitivity, operation at constant current, operation at varying current, thermal cycling and shut-down. The test modules were validated by comparing the results in terms of repeatability of the different testing campaigns and in terms of reproducibility among the different partners. Moreover, the results are discussed in context to the test input parameters.}, issn = {1938-6737, 1938-5862}, doi = {10.1149/07801.2077ecst}, url = {http://ecst.ecsdl.org/content/78/1/2077}, author = {Michael Lang and Corinna Auer and Karine Couturier and Xiufu Sun and Stephen J. McPhail and Thomas Malkow and Qingxi Fu and Qinglin Liu} } @article {756, title = {Rate Constants of Electrochemical Reactions in a Lithium-Sulfur Cell Determined by Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {165}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {A3487-A3495}, abstract = {The reduction of sulfur during discharge in a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell is known to occur in a series of reaction steps that involve lithium polysulfide intermediates. We present an operando study of the discharge of a solid-state Li-S cell using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In theory, the average chain length of the polysulfides, xavg,cell, at a given depth of discharge is determined by the number of electrons delivered to the sulfur cathode. The dependence of xavg,cell measured by XAS on the depth of discharge is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. XAS is also used to track the formation of Li2S, the final discharge product, as a function of depth of discharge. The XAS measurements were used to estimate rate constants of a series of simple reactions commonly accepted in literature.}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.0981814jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/165/14/A3487}, author = {Dunyang Rita Wang and Deep B. Shah and Jacqueline A. Maslyn and Whitney S. Loo and Kevin H. Wujcik and Erik J. Nelson and Matthew J. Latimer and Jun Feng and David Prendergast and Tod A. Pascal and Nitash P. Balsara} } @article {916, title = {Reactivity of doped ceria-based mixed oxides for solar thermochemical hydrogen generation via two-step water-splitting cycles}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, volume = {27}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {6068-6078}, issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029}, doi = {10.1021/ef4014373}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef4014373}, author = {Alex Le Gal and St{\'e}phane Abanades and Nicolas Bion and Thierry Le Mercier and Virginie Harl{\'e}} } @article {1037, title = {Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid oxide fuel cells: A review}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, volume = {203}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4-16}, abstract = {New and more efficient energy conversion systems are required in the near future, due in part to the increase in oil prices and demand and also due to global warming. Fuel cells and hybrid systems present a promising future but in order to meet the demand, high amounts of hydrogen will be required. Until now, probably the cleanest method of producing hydrogen has been water electrolysis. In this field, solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) have attracted a great interest in the last few years, as they offer significant power and higher efficiencies compared to conventional low temperature electrolysers. Their applications, performances and material issues will be reviewed.}, issn = {0378-7753}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.12.019}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775311024384}, author = {M. A. Laguna-Bercero} } @article {760, title = {Resonant 1 s {\textrightarrow} 3 d x-ray Bragg diffraction and structure factors for transition-metal compounds}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {64}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, issn = {0163-1829, 1095-3795}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.64.054405}, url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.054405}, author = {S. W. Lovesey and K. S. Knight and E. Balcar} } @article {771, title = {Resonant soft x-ray powder diffraction study to determine the orbital ordering in A-site-ordered SmBaMn 2 O 6}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {77}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, issn = {1098-0121, 1550-235X}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.77.060402}, url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.060402}, author = {M. Garc{\'\i}a-Fern{\'a}ndez and U. Staub and Y. Bodenthin and S. M. Lawrence and A. M. Mulders and C. E. Buckley and S. Weyeneth and E. Pomjakushina and K. Conder} } @article {956, title = {Solar fuel processing efficiency for ceria redox cycling using alternative oxygen partial pressure reduction methods}, journal = {Energy}, volume = {88}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {667-679}, issn = {03605442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.006}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544215007069}, author = {Meng Lin and Sophia Haussener} } @article {968, title = {Solar thermochemical hydrogen production using ceria zirconia solid solutions: Efficiency analysis}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {41}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {19320-19328}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.211}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319916307650}, author = {Brendan Bulfin and Matthias Lange and Lamark de Oliveira and Martin Roeb and Christian Sattler} } @article {868, title = {Structural and chemical evolution of Fe_xCo_yO based ceramics under reduction/oxidation{\textemdash}an in situ neutron diffraction study}, journal = {Materials Science and Engineering: B}, volume = {106}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {6-26}, issn = {09215107}, doi = {10.1016/j.mseb.2003.07.004}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921510703002861}, author = {Yaping Li and Evan R. Maxey and James W. Richardson and Beihai Ma} } @article {757, title = {Structural Change of the Mn Cluster during the S2{\textrightarrow}S3 State Transition of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. Does It Reflect the Onset of Water/Substrate Oxidation? Determination by Mn X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {122}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {3399-3412}, abstract = {The oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II in plants and cyanobacteria catalyzes the oxidation of two water molecules to one molecule of dioxygen. A tetranuclear Mn complex is believed to cycle through five intermediate states (S0-S4) to couple the four-electron oxidation of water with the one-electron photochemistry occurring at the Photosystem II reaction center. We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the local structure of the Mn complex and have proposed a model for it, based on studies of the Mn K-edges and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure of the S1 and S2 states. The proposed model consists of two di-μ-oxo-bridged binuclear Mn units with Mn-Mn distances of \~{}2.7 {\r A} that are linked to each other by a mono-μ-oxo bridge with a Mn-Mn separation of \~{}3.3 {\r A}. The Mn-Mn distances are invariant in the native S1 and S2 states. This report describes the application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to S3 samples created under physiological conditions with saturating flash illumination. Significant changes are observed in the Mn-Mn distances in the S3 state compared to the S1 and the S2 states. The two 2.7 {\r A} Mn-Mn distances that characterize the di-μ-oxo centers in the S1 and S2 states are lengthened to \~{}2.8 and 3.0 {\r A} in the S3 state, respectively. The 3.3 {\r A} Mn-Mn and Mn-Ca distances also increase by 0.04-0.2 {\r A}. These changes in Mn-Mn distances are interpreted as consequences of the onset of substrate/water oxidation in the S3 state. Mn-centered oxidation is evident during the S0{\textrightarrow}S1 and S1{\textrightarrow}S2 transitions. We propose that the changes in Mn-Mn distances during the S2{\textrightarrow}S3 transition are the result of ligand or water oxidation, leading to the formation of an oxyl radical intermediate formed at a bridging or terminal position. The reaction of the oxyl radical with OH-, H2O, or an oxo group during the subsequent S state conversion is proposed to lead to the formation of the O-O bond. Models that can account for changes in the Mn-Mn distances in the S3 state and the implications for the mechanism of water oxidation are discussed.}, issn = {0002-7863}, doi = {10.1021/ja992501u}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/ja992501u}, author = {Wenchuan Liang and Theo A. Roelofs and Roehl M. Cinco and Annette Rompel and Matthew J. Latimer and Wa O. Yu and Kenneth Sauer and Melvin P. Klein and Vittal K. Yachandra} } @article {788, title = {Structural requirements of manganese oxides for methane oxidation: XAS spectroscopy and transition-state studies}, journal = {Applied Catalysis B: Environmental}, volume = {229}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {52-62}, issn = {09263373}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.02.007}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926337318301115}, author = {Xiuyun Wang and Yi Liu and Yangyu Zhang and Tianhua Zhang and Huazhen Chang and Yongfan Zhang and Lilong Jiang} } @article {885, title = {Sunshine to Petrol: A Metal Oxide-Based Thermochemical Route to Solar Fuels}, number = {SAND2009-4579A}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, author = {Albuquerque Sandia National Laboratories and James E. Miller and Richard B. Diver Jr. and Nathan Phillip Siegel and Eric Coker and Andrea Ambrosini and Daniel E. Dedrick and Mark D. Allendorf and Anthony H. McDaniel and Gary L Kellogg and Roy E. Hogan Jr. and Ken S. Chen and Ellen B. Stechel} } @article {780, title = {Surface Defect Chemistry and Electronic Structure of Pr 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2-δ Revealed in Operando}, journal = {Chemistry of Materials}, volume = {30}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2600-2606}, issn = {0897-4756, 1520-5002}, doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05129}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05129}, author = {Qiyang Lu and Gulin Vardar and Maximilian Jansen and Sean R. Bishop and Iradwikanari Waluyo and Harry L. Tuller and Bilge Yildiz} } @article {842, title = {Sustainable hydrocarbon fuels by recycling CO2 and H2O with renewable or nuclear energy}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, volume = {15}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1-23}, issn = {13640321}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.014}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032110001942}, author = {Christopher Graves and Sune D. Ebbesen and Mogens Mogensen and Klaus S. Lackner} } @article {1034, title = {Technological development of hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC)}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {33}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2337-2354}, abstract = {High-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) has great potential for efficient and economical production of hydrogen fuel. In this paper, the state-of-the-art SOEC technologies are reviewed. The developments of the important steam electrolyzer components, such as the ionic conducting electrolyte and the electrodes, are summarized and discussed. YSZ and LSGM are promising electrolyte materials for SOEC working at high and intermediate temperatures, respectively. When co-doping or a blocking layer is applied, SDC or GDC are possible electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature SOEC. Ni{\textendash}YSZ remains to be the optimal cathode material. Although LSM{\textendash}YSZ is widely used as SOEC anode, other materials, such as LSF{\textendash}YSZ, may be better choices and need to be further studied. Considering the cell configuration, planar SOECs are preferred due to their better manufacturability and better electrochemical performance than tubular cells. Anode depolarization is an effective method to reduce the electrical energy consumption of SOEC hydrogen production. Although some electrochemical models and fluid flow models are available, the present literature is lacking detailed modeling analyses of the coupled heat/mass transfer and electrochemical reaction phenomena of the SOEC. Mathematical modeling studies of SOEC with novel structures and anode depolarization processes will be fruitful for the development of SOEC. More works, both experimental and theoretical, are needed to further develop SOEC technology to produce hydrogen more economically and efficiently for the coming hydrogen economy.}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.02.048}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319908002255}, author = {Meng Ni and Michael K. H. Leung and Dennis Y. C. Leung} } @article {896, title = {Test operation of a 100kW pilot plant for solar hydrogen production from water on a solar tower}, journal = {Solar Energy}, volume = {85}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {634-644}, issn = {0038092X}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2010.04.014}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X10001623}, author = {M. Roeb and J.-P. S{\"a}ck and P. Rietbrock and C. Prahl and H. Schreiber and M. Neises and L. de Oliveira and D. Graf and M. Ebert and W. Reinalter and M. Meyer-Gr{\"u}nefeldt and C. Sattler and A. Lopez and A. Vidal and A. Elsberg and P. Stobbe and D. Jones and A. Steele and S. Lorentzou and C. Pagkoura and A. Zygogianni and C. Agrafiotis and A.G. Konstandopoulos} } @article {923, title = {Thermodynamic analysis of isothermal redox cycling of ceria for solar fuel production}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {130812072357003}, issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029}, doi = {10.1021/ef400132d}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef400132d}, author = {Roman Bader and Luke J. Venstrom and Jane H. Davidson and Wojciech Lipi{\'n}ski} } @article {947, title = {Thermodynamics of CeO2 thermochemical fuel production}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {150126104600001}, issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029}, doi = {10.1021/ef5019912}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef5019912}, author = {B. Bulfin and F. Call and M. Lange and O. L{\"u}bben and C. Sattler and R. Pitz-Paal and I. V. Shvets} } @article {888, title = {Two-step water splitting thermochemical cycle based on iron oxide redox pair for solar hydrogen production}, journal = {Energy}, volume = {32}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1124-1133}, issn = {03605442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.023}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544206001897}, author = {P Charvin and S Abanades and G Flamant and F Lemort} } @article {940, title = {T{\textendash}S diagram efficiency analysis of two-step thermochemical cycles for solar water splitting under various process conditions}, journal = {Energy}, volume = {67}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {298-308}, issn = {03605442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.112}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544214001509}, author = {M. Lange and M. Roeb and C. Sattler and R. Pitz-Paal} } @article {1031, title = {Understanding the Current-Voltage Behavior of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {164}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {F1460-F1470}, abstract = {High temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks are highly efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical systems, which convert the chemical energy of fuel gases with oxygen from air directly into electrical energy. During operation of SOFC stacks under system operating conditions pronounced temperature and fuel gas composition gradients along the cell area and along the height of the stack occur. Therefore, in contrast to SOFC cells, the electrochemical behavior of SOFC stacks is much more complex and has not sufficiently been studied. Specially, a shortcoming exists in terms of understanding the homogeneity, performance loss mechanisms, and various resistances and overvoltages within the stack repeat components. Therefore, this paper focuses on the improvement of the understanding and of the interpretation of different current-voltage curves of solid oxide fuel cell stack repeat units. Three different cases are discussed: repeat units with high power performance, with high cell contact resistance and with high fuel utilization. The stacks were investigated by current-voltage curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gas analysis. In order to understand the electrochemical behavior of these three cases both experimental and modeling results are presented, compared and discussed.}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.1541713jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/13/F1460}, author = {M. Lang and C. Bohn and M. Henke and G. Schiller and C. Willich and F. Hauler} } @article {1012, title = {Validation and characterization of suitable materials for bipolar plates in PEM water electrolysis}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {40}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {11385-11391}, abstract = {The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis cell is a promising prospect for the production of clean hydrogen by energy of renewable wind and solar sources. One component of the PEM electrolyzer is the bipolar plate (BPP), which serves as a multi-function component during PEM water electrolysis. Titanium is typically regarded as the state-of-the-art material. Mechanically it could potentially be replace by lower-cost materials such as stainless steel, but under the harsh environmental conditions present in PEM water electrolysis, stainless steel is not corrosion-resistant and metal ions can dissolve. In this case metal ions would poison the catalyst and membrane, which leads to a reduction in the cell performance [1]. We have tested several coatings such as Au and TiN in PEM water electrolysis environments of varying severity for the application as a protective layer of bipolar plates. In order to determine possible candidates for a long-term test under real simulated PEM water electrolysis conditions, an experiment to determine pH value in PEM water electrolysis operation was developed to obtain the required pH value for the ex-situ testing of various coating materials.}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.04.155}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319915010939}, author = {Manuel Langemann and David L. Fritz and Martin M{\"u}ller and Detlef Stolten} }