@article {1137, title = {Considerations for the Accurate Measurement of Incident Photon to Current Efficiency in Photoelectrochemical Cells}, journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, abstract = {In this paper we review some of the considerations and potential sources of error when conducting Incident Photon to Current Efficiency (IPCE) measurements, with focus on photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for water splitting. The PEC aspect introduces challenges for accurate measurements often not encountered in dry PV cells. These can include slow charge transfer dynamics and, depending on conditions (such as a white light bias, which is important for samples with non-linear response to light intensity), possible composition changes, mostly at the surface, that a sample may gradually undergo as a result of chemical interactions with the aqueous electrolyte. These can introduce often-overlooked dependencies related to the timing of the measurement, such as a slower measurement requirement in the case of slow charge transfer dynamics, to accurately capture the steady-state response of the system. Fluctuations of the probe beam can be particularly acute when a Xe lamp with monochromator is used, and longer scanning times also allow for appreciable changes in the sample environment, especially when the sample is under realistically strong white light bias. The IPCE measurement system and procedure need to be capable of providing accurate measurements under specific conditions, according to sample and operating requirements. To illustrate these issues, complications, and solution options, we present example measurements of hematite photoanodes, leading to the use of a motorized rotating mirror stage to solve the inherent fluctuation and drift-related problems. For an example of potential pitfalls in IPCE measurements of metastable samples, we present measurements of BiVO4 photoanodes, which had changing IPCE spectral shapes under white-light bias.}, keywords = {device characterisation, EQE, IPCE, measurement technique, photoelectrochemical}, issn = {2296-598X}, doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.726069}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.726069}, author = {Ellis, David S. and Piekner, Yifat and Grave, Daniel A. and Schnell, Patrick and Rothschild, Avner} } @article {1138, title = {Crystallographic Effects of GaN Nanostructures in Photoelectrochemical Reaction}, journal = {Nano Letters}, volume = {22}, year = {2022}, note = {PMID: 35258977}, pages = {2236-2243}, keywords = {GaN; artificial photosynthesis; nanowire; photoelectrode; surface polarity}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04220}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04220}, author = {Xiao, Yixin and Vanka, Srinivas and Pham, Tuan Anh and Dong, Wan Jae and Sun, Yi and Liu, Xianhe and Navid, Ishtiaque Ahmed and Varley, Joel B. and Hajibabaei, Hamed and Hamann, Thomas W. and Ogitsu, Tadashi and Mi, Zetian} } @article {1140, title = {Formation of 6H-Ba3Ce0.75Mn2.25O9 During Thermochemical Reduction of 12R-Ba4CeMn3O12: Identification of a Polytype in the Ba(Ce,Mn)O3 Family}, journal = {Inorganic Chemistry}, volume = {61}, year = {2022}, month = {4}, keywords = {analytical chemistry, inorganic, layered perovskite, organic, oxide, physical, polytype, STCH, thermochemistry}, doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00282}, author = {Strange, Nicholas A. and Park, James Eujin and Goyal, Anuj and Bell, Robert T. and Trindell, Jamie A. and Sugar, Joshua D. and Stone, Kevin H. and Coker, Eric N. and Lany, Stephan and Shulda, Sarah and Ginley, David S.} } @article {1143, title = {Mechanistic understanding of pH effects on the oxygen evolution reaction}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta}, volume = {405}, year = {2022}, pages = {139810}, abstract = {The oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) is pivotal in many energy-conversion technologies as it is an important counter reaction to others that convert stable chemicals to higher-value products using electrochemistry. The local microenvironment and pH for the anode OER can vary from acidic to neutral to alkaline depending on the system being explored, making definitive mechanistic insights difficult. In this paper, we couple experiments, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, microkinetics, and transport modeling to explore the entire pH range of the OER. At low current densities, neutral pH values unexpectedly perform better than the acidic and alkaline conditions, and this trend is reversed at higher current densities (> 20~mA cm-2). Using multiscale modeling, this switch is rationalized by a change from a dual-reaction mechanism to a single rate-determining step. The model also shows how the alkaline reaction rates dominate in the middle to high pH range. Furthermore, we explore that the local pH for near-neutral conditions is much different (e.g., 2.4 at the reaction surface vs. 9 in the bulk) than the pH extremes, demonstrating the criticality that transport phenomena plays in kinetic activity.}, keywords = {Electrochemistry, Microkinetics, Oxygen evolution reaction}, issn = {0013-4686}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139810}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468621020934}, author = {Julie C. Fornaciari and Lien-Chun Weng and Shaun M. Alia and Cheng Zhan and Tuan Anh Pham and Alexis T. Bell and Tadashi Ogitsu and Nemanja Danilovic and Adam Z. Weber} } @article {1146, title = {Predicting Oxygen Off-Stoichiometry and Hydrogen Incorporation in Complex Perovskite Oxides}, journal = {Chemistry of Materials}, volume = {34}, year = {2022}, pages = {510-518}, keywords = {charge transfer resistance, Hydrogen Incorporation, Oxygen evolution reaction, Perovskite, Perovskite Oxides, Stoichiometry}, doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765}, author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Deml, Ann M. and Papac, Meagan and Zakutayev, Andriy and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan and Holder, Aaron M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Stevanovi{\'c}, Vladan} } @article {1149, title = {Spatially resolved performance and degradation in a perfluorinated anion exchange membrane fuel cell}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta}, volume = {406}, year = {2022}, pages = {139812}, abstract = {Anion exchange membrane fuel cells may enable future operation with non-precious metal-based catalysts. These systems have a delicate sensitivity to operating conditions such as humidification levels and the presence of CO2 in the air oxidant stream. We present spatially resolved in-situ performance results that shed light on phenomena that are unique to anion exchange membrane fuel cells. For cell construction, a highly conductive perfluorinated anion exchange polymer was used as the membrane and the material in powder form as the ionomer. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of humidification, fuel/oxidant concentration, and carbonation effects on the performance and its distribution in the cell. The results indicated that (i) dry conditions at the cathode have a stronger effect than at the anode on overall cell performance, (ii) performance significantly suffered when humidification was below 90\%, (iii) fuel and oxidant dilution effects lead mass-transport losses and were stronger than flow rate effects, (iv) CO2 in the cathode feed stream creates an equilibration disparity between the inlet and outlet sections and CO2 purging is affected by flooding conditions, and (v) after >500~h of operation, performance deteriorates predominantly at the inlet.}, keywords = {2+1D fuel cell model, Anion Exchange membranes, Cathode dry-out, CO poisoning, Fuel cell durability, Mass transport limitations, Segmented fuel cell}, issn = {0013-4686}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139812}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468621020958}, author = {Ashutosh G. Divekar and Michael R. Gerhardt and Christopher M. Antunes and Luigi Osmieri and Ami C. Yang-Neyerlin and Adam Z. Weber and Bryan S. Pivovar and Guido Bender and Andrew M. Herring} } @article {1114, title = {Computationally Accelerated Discovery and Experimental Demonstration of Gd0.5La0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3 for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production}, journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.750600}, author = {J. E. Park and Z. J. L. Bare and R. J. Morelock and M. A. Rodriguez and A. Ambrosini and C. B. Musgrave and A. H. McDaniel and E. N. Coker} } @article {1111, title = {Development of a Photoelectrochemically Self-Improving Si/GaN Photocathode for Efficient and Durable H2 Production}, journal = {Nature Materials}, year = {2021}, month = {04/2021}, pages = {1-6}, doi = {10.1038/s41563-021-00965-w}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00965-w}, author = {Guosong Zeng and Tuan Anh Pham and Srinivas Vanka and Guiji Liu and Chengyu Song and Jason K. Cooper and Zetian Mi and Tadashi Ogitsu and Francesca M. Toma} } @article {1154, title = {Effect of Nanoscale Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ Infiltrant and Steam Content on Ni{\textendash}(Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 Fuel Electrode Degradation during High-Temperature Electrolysis}, journal = {Nano Letters}, volume = {21}, year = {2021}, note = {PMID: 34606281}, pages = {8363-8369}, keywords = {degredation, duel electrode, infiltration, solid oxide electrolysis cell}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02937}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02937}, author = {Park, Beom-Kyeong and Cox, Dalton and Barnett, Scott A.} } @article {1155, title = {Elucidating the Role of Hydroxide Electrolyte on Anion-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {168}, year = {2021}, month = {05/2021}, pages = {054522}, abstract = {Many solid-state devices, especially those requiring anion conduction, often add a supporting electrolyte to enable efficient operation. The prototypical case is that of anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), where addition of an alkali metal solution improves performance. However, the specific mechanism of this performance improvement is currently unknown. This work investigates the functionality of the alkali metal solution in AEMWEs using experiments and mathematical models. The results show that additional hydroxide plays a key role not only in ohmic resistance of the membrane and catalyst layer but also in the reaction kinetics. The modeling suggests that the added liquid electrolyte creates an additional electrochemical interface with the electrocatalyst that provides ion-transport pathways and distributes product gas bubbles; the total effective electrochemical active surface area in the cell with 1 M KOH is 5 times higher than that of the cell with DI water. In the cell with 1 M KOH, more than 80\% of the reaction current is associate with the liquid electrolyte. These results indicate the importance of high pH of electrolyte and catalyst/electrolyte interface in AEMWEs. The understanding of the functionality of the alkali metal solution presented in this study should help guide the design and optimization of AEMWEs.}, keywords = {alkali metal solutions, anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers, Energy Sciences, energy storage, liquid electrolyte, solid-state devices}, issn = {0013-4651}, doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0019}, author = {Jiangjin Liu and Zhenye Kang and Dongguo Li and Magnolia Pak and Shaun M. Alia and Cy Fujimoto and Guido Bender and Yu Seung Kim and Adam Z. Weber} } @article {1156, title = {Energy Material Network Data Hubs}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In early 2015 the United States Department of Energy conceived of a consortium of collaborative bodies based on shared expertise, data, and resources that could be targeted towards the more difficult problems in energy materials research. The concept of virtual laboratories had been envisioned and discussed earlier in the decade in response to the advent of the Materials Genome Initiative and similar scientific thrusts. To be effective, any virtual laboratory needed a robust method for data management, communication, security, data sharing, dissemination, and demonstration to work efficiently and effectively for groups of remote researchers. With the accessibility of new, easily deployed cloud technology and software frameworks, such individual elements could be integrated, and the required collaboration architecture is now possible. The developers have leveraged open-source software frameworks, customized them, and merged them into a platform to enable collaborative energy materials science, regardless of the geographic dispersal of the people and resources. After five years in operations, the systems are demonstratively an effective platform for enabling research within the Energy Material Networks (EMN). This paper will show the design and development of a secured scientific data sharing platform, the ability to customize the system to support diverse workflows, and examples of the enabled research and results connected with some of the Energy Material Networks.}, keywords = {cloud computing, consortium, data management, Energy materials research, network, virtual laboratories}, doi = {10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120677}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120677}, author = {Robert R. White and Kristin Munch and Nicholas Wunder and Nalinrat Guba and Chitra Sivaraman and Kurt M. Van Allsburg and Huyen Dinh and Courtney Pailing} } @article {1157, title = {Hydrogen: Targeting \textdollar1/kg in 1 Decade}, journal = {The Electrochemical Society Interface}, volume = {30}, year = {2021}, month = {12/2021}, pages = {61{\textendash}66}, abstract = {The societal energy system is evolving rapidly as the impacts of our existing energy system are better appreciated and technological advances have dramatically decreased the cost of renewable resources. Simultaneously, the importance of energy transfer across timeframes and the difficulty of decarbonizing the industrial loads and transportation demands using electricity are being recognized. At the center of this need is achieving low-cost clean hydrogen. The U.S. Department of Energy launched the Hydrogen Energy EarthShot which seeks to reduce the cost of clean hydrogen to $1 per 1 kilogram in one decade. Reaching the $1/kg goal is dependent on the evolution of the electrical energy system to increase renewable energy deployment and low electricity costs; advances in electrolysis technology and manufacturing readiness; and infrastructure build-out and hydrogen market establishment that results in the ability to make, move, store, and use clean hydrogen economically while spurring job creation.}, keywords = {Clean hydrogen, decarbonizing, electrolysis, energy storage, energy transfer, hydrogen market, hydrogen shot}, doi = {10.1149/2.f15214if}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/2.f15214if}, author = {Bryan S. Pivovar and Mark F. Ruth and Deborah J. Myers and Huyen N. Dinh} } @article {1158, title = {Influence of Supporting Electrolyte on Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Performance: Anolyte}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {168}, year = {2021}, month = {08/2021}, pages = {084512}, abstract = {Hydroxide-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is an emerging hydrogen-production pathway that combines many advantages of incumbent alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Advancement in HEMWE has been accelerated with the development of stable and conductive hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) and a more comprehensive understanding of alkaline gas-evolving kinetics. However, performance and durability without supporting electrolytes (SELs) remain inferior to PEMWE and AWE and little is known about the role and impact of the SELs. This study investigates the effects of SELs used as anolyte solutions in HEMWEs including cation-type, anion-type, SEL conductivity and pH, presence of carbonates and increased cation/OH- ratios on cell voltage and stability. We report our findings that (i) cell potential and high-frequency resistance did not correlate with anolyte SEL conductivity, (ii) cation-type influences cell voltage at low current densities (<50 mA cm-2) as predicted by half-cell measurements, (iii) increased cation/OH- ratio causes increased overpotentials, and (iv) carbonates are exchanged in the HEM but removed via self-purging at high current density. Overall, this study concludes that concentrated KOH is still the best SEL.}, keywords = {hydrogen production pathway, Hydroxide exchange membrane, incumbent alkaline, proton exchange membrane, supporting electrolytes, water electrolysis}, doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac1dcd}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac1dcd}, author = {Aleksandr Kiessling and Julie C. Fornaciari and Grace Anderson and Xiong Peng and Andreas Gerstmayr and Michael R. Gerhardt and Samuel McKinney and Alexey Serov and Yu Seung Kim and Barr Zulevi and Adam Z. Weber and Nemanja Danilovic} } @article {1174, title = {Mg $\less$sub$\greater$x$\less$/sub$\greater$ Zn$\less$sub$\greater$1-x $\less$/sub$\greater$O contact to CuGa$\less$sub$\greater$3$\less$/sub$\greater$Se$\less$sub$\greater$5$\less$/sub$\greater$ absorber for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Energy}, volume = {3}, year = {2021}, month = {jan}, pages = {024001}, abstract = {CuGa3Se5 is a promising candidate material with wide band gap for top cells in tandem photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. However, traditional CdS contact layers used with other chalcopyrite absorbers are not suitable for CuGa3Se5 due to the higher position of its conduction band (CB) minimum. Mg x Zn1- x O (MZO) is a transparent oxide with adjustable band gap and CB position as a function of magnesium composition, but its direct application is hindered by CuGa3Se5 surface oxidation. Here, MZO is investigated as a contact (n-type {\textquoteleft}buffer{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteleft}window{\textquoteright}) material to CuGa3Se5 absorbers pretreated in Cd2+ solution, and an onset potential close to 1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in 10 mM hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride electrolyte is demonstrated. The Cd2+ surface treatment changes the chemical composition and electronic structure of the CuGa3Se5 surface, as demonstrated by photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The performance of CuGa3Se5 absorber with Cd2+ treated surface in the solid-state test structure depends on the Zn/Mg ratio in the MZO layer. The measured open circuit voltage of 925 mV is promising for tandem PEC water splitting with CuGa3Se5/MZO top cells.}, keywords = {Photocathode; PEC; Buffer layer; CuGaSe; MgZnO}, doi = {10.1088/2515-7655/abd3b3}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/abd3b3}, author = {Imran S Khan and Christopher P Muzzillo and Craig L Perkins and Andrew G Norman and James L Young and Nicolas Gaillard and Andriy Zakutayev} } @article {1152, title = {A mini-review on proton conduction of BaZrO 3 -based perovskite electrolytes}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Energy}, volume = {3}, year = {2021}, month = {07}, pages = {032019}, keywords = {ceramics, dopant, electrolyte, electrolytic cell, energy conversion, fuel cell, hydration, interaction, mobility, oxide, proton, proton conduction}, doi = {10.1088/2515-7655/ac12ab}, author = {Vera, Clarita and Ding, Hanping and Peterson, David and Gibbons, William and Zhou, Meng and Ding, Dong} } @article {1166, title = {The oxygen partial pressure in solid oxide electrolysis cells with multilayer electrolytes}, journal = {Acta Materialia}, volume = {213}, year = {2021}, pages = {116928}, abstract = {A number of degradation mechanisms have been observed during the long-term operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC). Using an electrolyte charge carrier transport model and a diffuse interface treatment for a multilayer electrolytes, we quantify the oxygen potentials across the electrolyte and thereby provide insights into these degradation mechanisms. Our model describes the transport of charge carriers in the electrolyte when the oxygen partial pressure is extremely low by accounting for the spatial variation of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the electrolyte which is closely related to the degradation of the SOEC near the interface of hydrogen electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, we identify four quantities that characterize the distribution of oxygen partial pressure in the electrolyte, which are directly related to the degradation mechanisms in the electrolyte as well, and give analytical estimates for them. These analytical expressions provide guidance on the parameters that need to be controlled to suppress the degradation observed in the electrolyte.}, keywords = {Diffuse interface model, Multilayer electrolyte, Oxygen partial pressure, solid oxide electrolysis cell}, issn = {1359-6454}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116928}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645421003086}, author = {Qian Zhang and Qin-Yuan Liu and Beom-Kyeong Park and Scott Barnett and Peter Voorhees} } @article {1113, title = {Performance and Durability of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Using Down-Selected Polymer Electrolytes}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, year = {2021}, pages = {22670-22683}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA06869E}, author = {A. R. Motz and D. Li and A. Keane and L. D. Manriquez and E. J. Park and S. Maurya and H. Chung and C. Fujimoto and J. Jeon and M. K. Pagels and C. Bae and K. E. Ayers and Y. S. Kim} } @article {1163, title = {Phase formation of manganese oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition}, journal = {Mater. Adv.}, volume = {2}, year = {2021}, pages = {303-309}, abstract = {Manganese oxides have enabled a wide range of technologies including oxygen evolution catalysts, lithium ion batteries, and thermochemical water splitting. However, the variable oxidation state and rich polymorphism of manganese oxides make it difficult to find the processing conditions to target a particular phase of manganese oxide. Targeted synthesis requires a more complete understanding of the phase space and the impact of multiple processing variables on phase formation. Here, we demonstrate the impact of substrate temperature, total deposition pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, and target composition on the phase formation of manganese oxides grown using combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Thin films were deposited from a MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 target onto amorphous glass substrates with a continuously varied temperature provided by a combinatorial heater. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were used to determine the phases present in the samples. The oxygen partial pressure was found to be the critical factor determining phase formation, while the total pressure, target composition, and substrate temperature have smaller and more complex effects on phase formation. Comparing the results of this work to the published temperature{\textendash}pressure phase diagrams shows that the PLD thin films vary significantly from the expected equilibrium phases of either the bulk materials or nanoparticles. These results suggest that PLD provides a route to capture phases of manganese oxides at lower temperatures or higher oxygen pressures than those required for bulk synthesis or solution processing.}, keywords = {Combinatorial, Manganese oxides, Pulsed laser deposition, STCH}, doi = {10.1039/D0MA00417K}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00417K}, author = {Garten, Lauren M. and Selvarasu, Praneetha and Perkins, John and Ginley, David and Zakutayev, Andriy} } @article {1171, title = {Enhancement of Ni-(Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 fuel electrode performance by infiltration of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-: δ nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, note = {Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the HydroGEN Advanced Water Splitting Materials Consortium, established as part of the Energy Materials Network under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under Award Number DE-0008079. The electrochemical modeling work was supported nancially by the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Prime Award Number DE-FE0027584 to FuelCell Energy, Inc., and under Subaward to Northwestern University. Some of the microstructural characterization was supported by National Science Foundation grants DMR-1506925 and DMR-1912530. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry.}, pages = {4099{\textendash}4106}, abstract = {This paper addresses the use of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ (GDC) infiltration into the Ni-(Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 (YSZ) fuel electrode of solid oxide cells (SOCs) for improving their electrochemical performance in fuel cell and electrolysis operation. Although doped ceria infiltration into Ni-YSZ has recently been shown to improve the electrode performance and stability, the mechanisms defining how GDC impacts electrochemical characteristics are not fully delineated. Furthermore, the electrochemical characteristics have not yet been determined over the full range of conditions normally encountered in fuel cell and electrolysis operation. Here we present a study of both symmetric and full cells aimed at understanding the electrochemical mechanisms of GDC-modified Ni-YSZ over a wide range of fuel compositions and temperatures. Single-step GDC infiltration at an appropriate loading substantially reduced the polarization resistance of Ni-YSZ electrodes in electrolyte-supported cells, as measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at various temperatures (600-800 {\textdegree}C) in a range of H2O-H2 mixtures (3-90 vol\% H2O). Fuel-electrode-supported cells had significant concentration polarization due to the thick Ni-YSZ supports. A distribution of relaxation times approach is used to develop a physically-based electrochemical model; the results show that GDC reduces the reaction resistance associated with three-phase boundaries, but also appears to improve oxygen transport in the electrode. Increasing the H2O fraction in the H2-H2O fuel mixture reduced both the three-phase boundary resistance and the gas diffusion resistance for Ni-YSZ; with GDC infiltration, the electrode resistance showed less variation with fuel composition. GDC infiltration improved the performance of fuel-electrode-supported full cells, which yielded a maximum power density of 2.28 W cm-2 in fuel cell mode and an electrolysis current density at 1.3 V of 2.22 A cm-2, both at 800 {\textdegree}C.}, keywords = {HTE; SOEC; Yttria-stabilized zirconia}, issn = {2050-7488}, doi = {10.1039/c9ta12316d}, author = {Park, Beom Kyeong and Roberto Scipioni and Dalton Cox and Barnett, Scott A.} } @article {1172, title = {Highly quaternized polystyrene ionomers for high performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysers}, journal = {Nature Energy}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, month = {3}, keywords = {LTE; AEM electrolysis; Novel ionomer}, doi = {10.1038/s41560-020-0577-x}, author = {Kim, Yu Seung and Li, Dongguo and Park, Eun Joo and Wenlei, Zhu and Qiurong, Shi and Zhou, Yang and Tian, Hangyu and Lin, Yuehe and Serov, Alexey and Zulevi, Barr and Baca, Ehren Donel and Fujimoto, Cy and Chung, Hoon} } @article {1173, title = {Interfacial Electromechanics Predicts Phase Behavior of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites}, journal = {ACS Nano}, volume = {14}, year = {2020}, note = {PMID: 32073821}, pages = {3353-3364}, keywords = {PEC; Perovskites; Modeling}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.9b09105}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b09105}, author = {Price, Christopher C. and Blancon, Jean-Christophe and Mohite, Aditya D. and Shenoy, Vivek B.} } @article {1175, title = {On the role of the zirconia/ceria interface in the degradation of solid oxide electrolysis cells}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, pages = {123906}, keywords = {INL; o-SOEC}, doi = {10.1063/5.0016478}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0016478}, author = {Zhang,Qian and Park,Beom-Kyeong and Barnett,Scott and Voorhees,Peter} } @article {1167, title = {Triple ionic{\textendash}electronic conducting oxides for next-generation electrochemical devices}, journal = {Nature Materials}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {12/2020}, keywords = {electrolysis cells, fuel cells, ionic species transport, membrane reactors, Triple ionic{\textendash}electronic conductors}, issn = {1476-1122}, doi = {10.1038/s41563-020-00854-8}, url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1762454}, author = {Papac, Meagan and Stevanovi{\'c}, Vladan and Zakutayev, Andriy and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan} } @article {1178, title = {Tungsten oxide-coated copper gallium selenide sustains long-term solar hydrogen evolution}, journal = {Sustainable Energy \& Fuels}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, keywords = {CuGaSe, durability, PEC, Photocathode, Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst, Tungsten oxide protective coating}, doi = {10.1039/d0se00487a}, author = {Palm, David W. and Muzzillo, Christopher P. and Ben-Naim, Micha and Khan, Imran and Gaillard, Nicolas and Jaramillo, Thomas F.} } @article {1182, title = {Conditions for stable operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells: oxygen electrode effects}, journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.}, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, pages = {3053-3062}, abstract = {Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) convert renewable electricity to fuels with efficiency substantially higher than other electrolysis technologies. However, questions remain regarding degradation mechanisms that limit SOEC long-term stability. One of the key degradation mechanisms is oxygen electrode delamination; although prior studies have improved the understanding of this mechanism, it is still difficult to predict how degradation depends on SOEC materials and operating conditions, i.e., temperature, voltage, and current density. Here we present a study aimed at developing a quantitative understanding of oxygen electrode delamination. Experimentally, a life test study of symmetric and full cells with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes and Gd-doped ceria (GDC) barrier layers was done with three different perovskite oxygen electrode materials. Fracture was observed at the perovskite{\textendash}GDC interface above a critical current density and below a critical operating temperature. A theory is presented that combines a calculation of the effective oxygen pressure across the electrolyte with an estimation of the pressure required for fracture. Fracture is correctly predicted for a critical oxygen partial pressure of \~{}7200 atm and an associated electrode overpotential of \~{}0.2 V, occurring at the electrode/GDC interface because of the relatively low perovskite fracture toughness. Damage at the GDC/YSZ interface was also observed in some cases and explained by a peak in the oxygen pressure at this interface.}, keywords = {Gd-doped ceria, HTE, Perovskite, SOEC, Yttria-stabilized zirconia}, doi = {10.1039/C9EE01664C}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9EE01664C}, author = {Park, Beom-Kyeong and Zhang, Qian and Voorhees, Peter W. and Barnett, Scott A.} } @article {1083, title = {Creating stable interfaces between reactive materials: titanium nitride protects photoabsorber{\textendash}catalyst interface in water-splitting photocathodes}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {2400-2411}, abstract = {

Published on January 29th, 2019. The development of a solar-driven water splitting device that replaces costly precious metals, while achieving stable high performance, is a major challenge. Transition metal phosphides are active and low-cost catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), although, none thus far have exhibited stable performance when interfaced with semiconductors. Here, we report on a monolithic junction consisting of cubic-NiP2:TiN:Si, fabricated using both commercial and custom Si photovoltaics. Stable performance is achieved using an ultrathin film of crystalline TiN that effectively hinders atomic diffusion between interfaces during fabrication. Crystalline cubic-NiP2 deposited on TiN/n+p-Si retains 97\% of the bare Si photovoltage, comparable saturation current density to bare Si, and has a turnover frequency of 1.04 H2 per site per s at -100 mV applied potential. In acid, it requires only -150 mV additional overpotential compared to the benchmark, Pt/TiN/n+p-Si, to reach a HER photocurrent density of -10 mA cm-2. This photocathode maintains a stable H2 photocurrent ({\textpm}10\%) for at least 125 hours, the duration of testing. When the same layers are fabricated on a commercial Si solar cell, this photocathode produced double the photocurrent density (36.3 mA cm-2, under simulated 1.5 AM G illumination). Physical characterization gives detailed information on the properties responsible for the observed activity and durability of these interfaces. In general, the thin-film methodology presented here is widely applicable, demonstrates superior activity, and achieves long-term stability.

}, issn = {2050-7496}, doi = {10.1039/C8TA12186A}, url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/ta/c8ta12186a}, author = {Shinjae Hwang and Spencer H. Porter and Anders B. Laursen and Hongbin Yang and Mengjun Li and Viacheslav Manichev and Karin U. D. Calvinho and Voshadhi Amarasinghe and Martha Greenblatt and Eric Garfunkel and G. Charles Dismukes} } @article {1183, title = {Direct Deposition of Crystalline Ta3N5 Thin Films on FTO for PEC Water Splitting}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, pages = {15457-15466}, keywords = {ALD, CVD, FTO, PEC, Photoanode, Ta3N5, Tantalum nitride}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b21194}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21194}, author = {Hajibabaei, Hamed and Little, Daniel J. and Pandey, Ayush and Wang, Dunwei and Mi, Zetian and Hamann, Thomas W.} } @article {1065, title = {Initial approaches in benchmarking and round robin testing for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, month = {04/2019}, pages = {9174-9187}, abstract = {

Published on April 5th, 2019. As ever-increasing amounts of renewable electricity enter the energy supply mix on a regional, national and international basis, greater emphasis is being placed on energy conversion and storage technologies to deal with the oscillations, excess and lack of electricity. Hydrogen generation via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is one technology that offers a pathway to store large amounts of electricity in the form of hydrogen. The challenges to widespread adoption of PEM water electrolyzers lie in their high capital and operating costs which both need to be reduced through R\&D. An evaluation of reported PEMWE performance data in the literature reveals that there are excessive variations of in situ performance results that make it difficult to draw conclusions on the pathway forward to performance optimization and future R\&D directions. To enable the meaningful comparison of in situ performance evaluation across laboratories there is an obvious need for standardization of materials and testing protocols. Herein, we address this need by reporting the results of a round robin test effort conducted at the laboratories of five contributors to the IEA Electrolysis Annex 30. For this effort a method and equipment framework were first developed and then verified with respect to its feasibility for measuring water electrolysis performance accurately across the various laboratories. The effort utilized identical sets of test articles, materials, and test cells, and employed a set of shared test protocols. It further defined a minimum skeleton of requirements for the test station equipment. The maximum observed deviation between laboratories at 1\ A\ cm-2 at cell temperatures of 60\ {\textdegree}C and 80\ {\textdegree}C was 27 and 20\ mV, respectively. The deviation of the results from laboratory to laboratory was 2{\textendash}3 times higher than the lowest deviation observed at one single lab and test station. However, the highest deviations observed were one-tenth of those extracted by a literature survey on similar material sets. The work endorses the urgent need to identify one or more reference sets of materials in addition to the method and equipment framework introduced here, to enable accurate comparison of results across the entire community. The results further imply that cell temperature control appears to be the most significant source of deviation between results, and that care must be taken with respect to break-in conditions and cell electrical connections for meaningful performance data.

}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.074}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319919306585}, author = {G. Bender and M. Carmo and T. Smolinka and A. Gago and N. Danilovic and M. Mueller and F. Ganci and A. Fallisch and P. Lettenmeier and K. A. Friedrich and K. Ayers and B. Pivovar and J. Mergel and D. Stolten} } @article {1066, title = {Interfacial Analysis of PEM Electrolyzer Using X-ray Computed Tomography}, journal = {Sustainable Energy \& Fuels}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.1039/C9SE00364A}, url = {https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/se/c9se00364a}, author = {Emily Leonard and Andrew D.~Shum and Nemaja Danilovic and Christopher Capuano and Katherine E.~Ayers and Lalit Pant and Adam Z Weber and Xianghui Xiao and Dilworth Parkinson and Iryna V~Zenyuk} } @article {1188, title = {Long-term stability studies of a semiconductor photoelectrode in three-electrode configuration}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {27612-27619}, abstract = {Improving the stability of semiconductor materials is one of the major challenges for sustainable and economic photoelectrochemical water splitting. N-terminated GaN nanostructures have emerged as a practical protective layer for conventional high efficiency but unstable Si and III{\textendash}V photoelectrodes due to their near-perfect conduction band-alignment, which enables efficient extraction of photo-generated electrons, and N-terminated surfaces, which protects against chemical and photo-corrosion. Here, we demonstrate that Pt-decorated GaN nanostructures on an n+{\textendash}p Si photocathode can exhibit an ultrahigh stability of 3000 h (i.e., over 500 days for usable sunlight \~{}5.5 h per day) at a large photocurrent density (>35 mA cm-2) in three-electrode configuration under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. The measured applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 11.9\%, with an excellent onset potential of \~{}0.56 V vs. RHE, is one of the highest values reported for a Si photocathode under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. This study provides a paradigm shift for the design and development of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting: stability is no longer limited by the light absorber, but rather by co-catalyst particles.}, keywords = {durability, GaN nanowires, PEC, Photocathode, Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst, Silicon}, doi = {10.1039/C9TA09926C}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA09926C}, author = {Vanka, Srinivas and Sun, Kai and Zeng, Guosong and Pham, Tuan Anh and Toma, Francesca Maria and Ogitsu, Tadashi and Mi, Zetian} } @article {1089, title = {Molybdenum Disulfide Catalytic Coatings via Atomic Layer Deposition for Solar Hydrogen Production from Copper Gallium Diselenide Photocathodes}, journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials}, volume = {2}, year = {2019}, pages = {1060-1066}, abstract = {

We demonstrate that applying atomic layer deposition-derived molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalytic coatings on copper gallium diselenide (CGSe) thin film absorbers can lead to efficient wide band gap photocathodes for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. We have prepared a device that is free of precious metals, employing a CGSe absorber and a cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) interfacial layer, and a MoS2 catalytic layer. The resulting MoS2/TiO2/CdS/CGSe photocathode exhibits a photocurrent onset of +0.53 V vs RHE and a saturation photocurrent density of -10 mA cm{\textendash}2, with stable operation for \>5 h in acidic electrolyte. Spectroscopic investigations of this device architecture indicate that overlayer degradation occurs inhomogeneously, ultimately exposing the underlying CGSe absorber.

}, doi = {10.1021/acsaem.8b01562}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b01562}, author = {Thomas R. Hellstern and David W. Palm and James Carter and Alex D. DeAngelis and Kimberly Horsley and Lothar Weinhardt and Wanli Yang and Monika Blum and Nicolas Gaillard and Clemens Heske and Thomas F. Jaramillo} } @article {704, title = {Phenyl Oxidation Impacts the Durability of Alkaline Membrane Water Electrolyzer}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {9696-9701}, abstract = {Published on March 13th, 2019. The durability of alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers is a critical requirement for implementing this technology in cost-effective hydrogen production. Here, we report that the electrochemical oxidation of the adsorbed phenyl group (found in the ionomer) on oxygen evolution catalysts produces phenol, which may cause performance deterioration in AEM electrolyzers. In-line 1H NMR kinetic analyses of phenyl oxidation in a model organic cation electrolyte shows that catalyst type significantly impacts the phenyl oxidation rate at an oxygen evolution potential. Density functional theory calculations show that the phenyl adsorption is a critical factor determining the phenyl oxidation. This research provides a path for the development of more durable AEM electrolyzers with components that can minimize the adverse impact induced by the phenyl group oxidation, such as the development of novel ionomers with fewer phenyl moieties or catalysts with less phenyl-adsorbing character.}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b00711}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00711}, author = {Dongguo Li and Ivana Matanovic and Albert S. Lee and Eun Joo Park and Cy Fujimoto and Hoon T. Chung and Yu Seung Kim} } @article {1070, title = {Synthesis of Aromatic Anion Exchange Membranes by Friedel{\textendash}Crafts Bromoalkylation and Cross-Linking of Polystyrene Block Copolymers}, journal = {Macromolecules}, volume = {52}, year = {2019}, pages = {2139-2147}, abstract = {

Published on March 12th, 2019. Elastomeric anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared by acid-catalyzed Friedel{\textendash}Crafts alkylation of the polystyrene block of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) using bromoalkylated tertiary alcohols and triflic acid as a catalyst, followed by amination with trimethylamine. This simple one-step bromoalkylation allowed convenient control of both the degree of functionalization and cation tether length by changing the molar ratio and the structure of the bromoalkylated tertiary alcohol. The resulting quaternary ammonium-functionalized ionic triblock SEBS copolymers showed a microphase-separated morphology on the 35 nm length scale. A series of AEMs with different ion exchange capacities and ion tether lengths were systematically investigated by comparing swelling and anion conductivity. Because the SEBS AEMs showed high swelling and low dimensional stability in water due to the rubbery nature of SEBS, the hard segment PS units were cross-linked by 1,6-hexanediamine for practical use. The cross-linking of SEBS AEMs reduced water uptake significantly (e.g., 155\% vs 28\%) and enhanced their mechanical properties. Because the backbone of the SEBS AEMs are composed of all carbon{\textendash}carbon bonds, they showed good alkaline stability, preserving their IEC and OH{\textendash} conductivity after testing in a 1 M NaOH solution at 80 {\textdegree}C for 500 h. Alkaline membrane fuel cell performance was evaluated with the cross-linked SEBS AEM, and a peak power density of 520 mW/cm2 was achieved at 60 {\textdegree}C under H2/O2 conditions.

}, issn = {0024-9297}, doi = {10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02355}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02355}, author = {Yong Yeob Jeon and Sungmin Park and Junyoung Han and Sandip Maurya and Angela D. Mohanty and Ding Tian and Nayan Saikia and Michael A. Hickner and Chang Y. Ryu and Mark E. Tuckerman and Stephen J. Paddison and Yu Seung Kim and Chulsung Bae} } @article {1098, title = {Wide-Bandgap Cu(In,Ga)S2 Photocathodes Integrated on Transparent Conductive F:SnO2 Substrates for Chalcopyrite-Based Water Splitting Tandem Devices}, journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials}, volume = {2}, year = {2019}, month = {08/2019}, pages = {5515-5524}, abstract = {

Published on August 26th, 2019.

}, issn = {2574-0962, 2574-0962}, doi = {10.1021/acsaem.9b00690}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.9b00690}, author = {Nicolas Gaillard and Dixit Prasher and Marina Chong and Alexander Deangelis and Kimberly Horsley and Hope A. Ishii and John P. Bradley and Joel Varley and Tadashi Ogitsu} } @article {797, title = {Evaluating Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation in Alkaline Media to Establish Baselines}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {165}, year = {2018}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {F441-F455}, abstract = {This paper fills a significant gap in the literature for alkaline hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxidation (HOR) baseline performance, while reviewing the different variables that influence observed properties. Although high-performing HER-HOR catalysts in acidic electrolytes are too active to measure kinetic in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells, under alkaline conditions RDE kinetics evaluations are relevant and half-cell performances are comparable to hydrogen pump data. This paper focuses on best practices to ensure that half-cell tests don{\textquoteright}t unnecessarily lower platinum group metal (PGM) performance or improve non-PGM performance. Specific aspects examined include experiments on PGMs minimizing the impact of impurities (electrolyte, cell material) and experiments on non-PGMs minimizing the impact from test protocols (counter electrode).}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.0361807jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/165/7/F441}, author = {Shaun M. Alia and Bryan S. Pivovar} } @article {1085, title = {Gallium nitride nanowire as a linker of molybdenum sulfides and silicon for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, month = {09/2018}, pages = {3856}, abstract = {

Published on September 21st, 2018. Sunlight-harvesting materials require the clean integration of light-absorbing and catalytic components to be efficient. Here, authors link silicon photoelectrodes and molybdenum sulfide catalysts with defect-free gallium nitride nanowire to improve photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.

}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06140-1}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06140-1}, author = {Baowen Zhou and Xianghua Kong and Srinivas Vanka and Sheng Chu and Pegah Ghamari and Yichen Wang and Nick Pant and Ishiang Shih and Hong Guo and Zetian Mi} } @article {1041, title = {Integrating Ab Initio Simulations and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Toward A Realistic Description of Oxidized Solid/Liquid Interfaces}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, note = {

{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n\ \n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}

}, pages = {194-203}, abstract = {

Published on January 4th, 2019. Many energy storage and conversion devices rely on processes that take place at complex interfaces, where structural and chemical properties are often difficult to probe under operating conditions. A primary example is solar water splitting using high-performance photoelectrochemical cells, where surface chemistry, including native oxide formation, affects hydrogen generation. In this Perspective, we discuss some of the challenges associated with interrogating interface chemistry, and how they may be overcome by integrating high-level first-principles calculations of explicit interfaces with ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and direct spectroscopic simulations. We illustrate the benefit of this combined approach toward insights into native oxide chemistry at prototypical InP/water and GaP/water interfaces. This example suggests a more general roadmap for obtaining a realistic and reliable description of the chemistry of complex interfaces by combining state-of-the-art computational and experimental techniques.

}, issn = {1948-7185}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01382}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01382}, author = {Tuan Anh Pham and Xueqiang Zhang and Brandon C. Wood and David Prendergast and Sylwia Ptasinska and Tadashi Ogitsu} } @article {1097, title = {(Invited) HydroGEN: An AWSM Energy Materials Network}, journal = {ECS Transactions}, volume = {85}, year = {2018}, month = {05/2018}, pages = {3-14}, abstract = {

The HydroGEN (https://www.h2awsm.org/) energy materials network (EMN) aims to accelerate the research and development (R\&D) of advanced water splitting (AWS) technologies for clean, sustainable hydrogen production. Announced in October 2016, the HydroGEN EMN comprises six core National Laboratories and focuses on four AWS pathways: low- and high-temperature electrolysis, photoelectrochemical, and solar thermochemical water splitting. The HydroGEN consortium offers an extensive collection of materials research capabilities for addressing R\&D challenges in discovery and design, efficacy and efficiency, durability and cost. Leveraging the HydroGEN Consortium{\textquoteright}s technical experts and broad collection of unique resource capabilities is expected to advance the maturity and technology readiness levels in each advanced water splitting technology pathway.

}, issn = {1938-6737, 1938-5862}, doi = {10.1149/08511.0003ecst}, url = {http://ecst.ecsdl.org/content/85/11/3}, author = {James W. Vickers and Huyen N. Dinh and Katie Randolph and Adam Z. Weber and Anthony H. McDaniel and Richard Boardman and Tadashi Ogitsu and Hector Colon-Mercado and David Peterson and Eric L. Miller} } @article {1008, title = {Anodic Behavior of the Aluminum Current Collector in Imide-Based Electrolytes: Influence of Solvent, Operating Temperature, and Native Oxide-Layer Thickness}, journal = {ChemSusChem}, volume = {10}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {804-814}, abstract = {Published on February 22nd, 2017. The inability of imide salts to form a sufficiently effective passivation layer on aluminum current collectors is one of the main obstacles that limit their broad application in electrochemical energy-storage systems. However, under certain circumstances, the use of electrolytes with imide electrolyte salts in combination with the aluminum current collector is possible. In this contribution, the stability of the aluminum current collector in electrolytes containing either lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) or lithium fluorosulfonyl-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiFTFSI) as conductive salt was investigated by electrochemical techniques, that is, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronocoulometry (CC) in either room-temperature ionic liquids or in ethyl methyl sulfone. In particular, the influence of the solvent, operating temperature, and thickness of the native oxide layer of aluminum on the pit formation at the aluminum current collector surface was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. In general, a more pronounced aluminum dissolution and pit formation was found at elevated temperatures as well as in solvents with a high dielectric constant. An enhanced thickness of the native aluminum oxide layer increases the oxidative stability versus dissolution. Furthermore, we found a different reaction rate depending on dwell time at the upper cut-off potential for aluminum dissolution in TFSI- and FTFSI-based electrolytes during the CC measurements; the use of LiFTFSI facilitated the dissolution of aluminum compared to LiTFSI. Overall, the mechanism of anodic aluminum dissolution is based on: i) the attack of the Al2O3 surface by acidic species and ii) the dissolution of bare aluminum into the electrolyte, which, in turn, is influenced by the electrolyte{\textquoteright}s dielectric constant.}, issn = {1864-564X}, doi = {10.1002/cssc.201601636}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cssc.201601636/abstract}, author = {Paul Meister and Xin Qi and Richard Kloepsch and Elisabeth Kr{\"a}mer and Benjamin Streipert and Martin Winter and Tobias Placke} } @article {801, title = {Characterizing Voltage Losses in an SO2 Depolarized Electrolyzer Using Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole Membranes}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {164}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {F1591-F1595}, abstract = {Published on January 1st, 2017. The hybrid sulfur cycle has been investigated as a means to produce CO2-free hydrogen efficiently on a large scale through the decomposition of H2SO4 to SO2, O2, and H2O, and then electrochemically oxidizing SO2 back to H2SO4 with the cogeneration of H2. The net effect is the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water. Recently, sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (s-PBI) have been investigated as a replacement for Nafion due to the ability to offer increased process efficiency through the generation of higher acid concentrations at lower potentials. Here, we measure the acid concentrations and individual potential contributions toward the overall operating voltage seen in the SO2-depolarized-electrolyzer. We then determine model parameters necessary to predict voltage losses in a cell over a wide range of operating temperatures, pressures, currents and reactant flow rates.}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.1061714jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/14/F1591}, author = {Taylor R. Garrick and Cody H. Wilkins and Andrew T. Pingitore and Jacob Mehlhoff and Alex Gulledge and Brian C. Benicewicz and John W. Weidner} } @article {825, title = {A comparative overview of hydrogen production processes}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, volume = {67}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {597-611}, abstract = {Published in January 2017.}, issn = {13640321}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.044}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032116305366}, author = {Pavlos Nikolaidis and Andreas Poullikkas} } @article {979, title = {Thermodynamics of paired charge-compensating doped ceria with superior redox performance for solar thermochemical splitting of H 2 O and CO 2}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {19476-19484}, issn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496}, doi = {10.1039/C7TA05824A}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA05824A}, author = {Marie Hoes and Christopher L. Muhich and Roger Jacot and Greta R. Patzke and Aldo Steinfeld} } @inbook {749, title = {Application of SR methods for the study of nanocomposite materials for Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {84}, year = {2016}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {397-406}, publisher = {Elsevier Science Bv}, organization = {Elsevier Science Bv}, address = {Amsterdam}, abstract = {This work summarizes results of synchrotron radiation (SR) studies of the real/defect structure of nanocrystalline/nanocomposite oxide materials, which determines their functional properties in hydrogen energy field as catalysts and mixed ionic electronic conductors (cathodes and anodes of solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen separation membranes). For nanocrystalline ceria-zirconia mixed oxide prepared via modified Pechini route using ethanol solution of reagents, a high spatial uniformity of cations distribution between domains along with the oxygen sublattice deficiency revealed by full-profile Rietveld refinement of SR diffraction data provide structure disordering enhancing oxygen mobility. For PrNi0.5Co0.5O3-delta - Ce0.9Y0.1O2-delta nanocomposite extensive transfer of Pr cations into fluorite domains generates a new path of fast oxygen diffusion along chains of Pr3+ - Pr4+ cations as directly proved by analysis of the unit cell relaxation after changing pO(2) in perfect agreement with data obtained by oxygen isotope heteroexchange. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.}, author = {V. A. Sadykov and S. N. Pavlova and Z. S. Vinokurov and A. N. Shmakov and N. F. Eremeev and Yu E. Fedorova and E. P. Yakimchuk and V. V. Kriventsov and V. A. Bolotov and Yu Yu Tanashev and E. M. Sadovskaya and S. V. Cherepanova and K. V. Zolotarev and N. A. Vinokurov and B. A. Knyazev} } @article {1002, title = {Benchmarking Hydrogen Evolving Reaction and Oxygen Evolving Reaction Electrocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting Devices}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {137}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4347-4357}, abstract = {Published on April 8th, 2015. Objective comparisons of electrocatalyst activity and stability using standard methods under identical conditions are necessary to evaluate the viability of existing electrocatalysts for integration into solar-fuel devices as well as to help inform the development of new catalytic systems. Herein, we use a standard protocol as a primary screen for evaluating the activity, short-term (2 h) stability, and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 18 electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 26 electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under conditions relevant to an integrated solar water-splitting device in aqueous acidic or alkaline solution. Our primary figure of merit is the overpotential necessary to achieve a magnitude current density of 10 mA cm{\textendash}2 per geometric area, the approximate current density expected for a 10\% efficient solar-to-fuels conversion device under 1 sun illumination. The specific activity per ECSA of each material is also reported. Among HER catalysts, several could operate at 10 mA cm{\textendash}2 with overpotentials <0.1 V in acidic and/or alkaline solutions. Among OER catalysts in acidic solution, no non-noble metal based materials showed promising activity and stability, whereas in alkaline solution many OER catalysts performed with similar activity achieving 10 mA cm{\textendash}2 current densities at overpotentials of \~{}0.33{\textendash}0.5 V. Most OER catalysts showed comparable or better specific activity per ECSA when compared to Ir and Ru catalysts in alkaline solutions, while most HER catalysts showed much lower specific activity than Pt in both acidic and alkaline solutions. For select catalysts, additional secondary screening measurements were conducted including Faradaic efficiency and extended stability measurements.}, issn = {0002-7863}, doi = {10.1021/ja510442p}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/ja510442p}, author = {Charles C. L. McCrory and Suho Jung and Ivonne M. Ferrer and Shawn M. Chatman and Jonas C. Peters and Thomas F. Jaramillo} } @article {794, title = {Influence of the synthesis route on the formation of 12R/10H-polytypes and their magnetic properties within the Ba(Ce,Mn)O 3 family}, journal = {New Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {39}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {829-835}, issn = {1144-0546, 1369-9261}, doi = {10.1039/C4NJ00798K}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4NJ00798K}, author = {Mario A. Mac{\'\i}as and Olivier Mentr{\'e} and Caroline Pirovano and Pascal Roussel and Silviu Colis and Gilles H. Gauthier} } @article {921, title = {The Effects of Morphology on the Oxidation of Ceria by Water and Carbon Dioxide}, journal = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering}, volume = {134}, year = {2012}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {011005}, issn = {01996231}, doi = {10.1115/1.4005119}, url = {http://SolarEnergyEngineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1456274}, author = {Luke J. Venstrom and Nicholas Petkovich and Stephen Rudisill and Andreas Stein and Jane H. Davidson} } @article {804, title = {Control of Heterogeneity in Nanostructured Ce1{\textendash}xZrxO2 Binary Oxides for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Water Splitting Activity}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {115}, year = {2011}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {21022-21033}, abstract = {Published on November 3rd, 2011.}, issn = {1932-7447, 1932-7455}, doi = {10.1021/jp2071315}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp2071315}, author = {Nicholas D. Petkovich and Stephen G. Rudisill and Luke J. Venstrom and Daniel B. Boman and Jane H. Davidson and Andreas Stein} } @article {906, title = {Solar thermochemical hydrogen production research (STCH): Thermochemical cycle selection and investment priority}, number = {SAND2011-3622}, year = {2011}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, url = {https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1219357-solar-thermochemical-hydrogen-production-research-stch}, author = {Robert Perret} } @article {907, title = {Technologies and trends in solar power and fuels}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {4}, year = {2011}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2503}, issn = {1754-5692, 1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/c1ee01128f}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c1ee01128f}, author = {Martin Roeb and Martina Neises and Nathalie Monnerie and Christian Sattler and Robert Pitz-Paal} } @article {886, title = {Investigation of Reactive Cerium-Based Oxides for H2 Production by Thermochemical Two-Step Water-Splitting}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4163{\textendash}4173}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/G26346278216MJ23.pdf}, author = {S. Abanades and A. Legal and A. Cordier and G. Peraudeau and G. Flamant and A. Julbe} } @article {902, title = {Kinetic Investigations of the Hydrogen Production Step of a Thermochemical Cycle Using Mixed Iron Oxides Coated on Ceramic Substrates}, journal = {International Journal of Energy Research}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {651-661}, issn = {0363907X, 1099114X}, doi = {10.1002/er.1565}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/er.1565}, author = {Martina Neises and Martin Roeb and Martin Schm{\"u}cker and Christian Sattler and Robert Pitz-Paal} } @article {903, title = {Solar hydrogen: fuel of the near future}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {279{\textendash}287}, url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2010/ee/b923793n}, author = {M. Pagliaro and A. G. Konstandopoulos and R. Ciriminna and G. Palmisano} } @article {994, title = {Catalytic activity of supported metal particles for sulfuric acid decomposition reaction}, journal = {Catalysis Today}, volume = {139}, year = {2009}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {291-298}, abstract = {Published on January 30th, 2009. Production of hydrogen by splitting of water in the thermochemical sulfur-based cycles that employs the catalytic decomposition of sulfuric acid into SO2 and O2 is of considerable interest. However, all of the known catalytic systems studied to date that consist of metal particles on oxide substrates deactivate with time on stream. To develop an understanding of the factors that are responsible for catalyst activity, we investigate the fresh activity of several platinum group metals (PGM) catalysts, including Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru supported on titania at 850{\textdegree}C and perform an extensive theoretical study (density-functional-theory-based first-principles calculations and computer simulations) of the activity of the PGM nanoparticles of different size and shape positioned on TiO2 (rutile and anatase) and Al2O3 (γ- and η-alumina) surfaces. The activity and deactivation of the catalytic systems are defined by (i) the energy barrier for the detachment of O atoms from the SOn (n=1, 2, 3) species, and (ii) the removal rate of the products of the sulfuric acid decomposition (atomic O, S, and the SOn species) from metal nanoparticles. We show that these two nanoscale features collectively result in the observed experimental behavior. The removal rate of the reaction products is always lower than the SOn decomposition rates. The relation between these two rates explains why the {\textquotedblleft}softer{\textquotedblright} PGM nanoparticles (Pd and Pt) exhibit the highest initial catalytic activity.}, issn = {0920-5861}, doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2008.03.029}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092058610800117X}, author = {Sergey N. Rashkeev and Daniel M. Ginosar and Lucia M. Petkovic and Helen H. Farrell} } @article {873, title = {Solar thermochemical process technology}, journal = {Encyclopedia of physical science and technology}, volume = {15}, year = {2001}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {237{\textendash}256}, url = {http://pre.ethz.ch/publications/0_pdf/books/Solar_Thermochemical_Process_Technology.pdf}, author = {A. Steinfeld and R. Palumbo} } @article {782, title = {Density Functional Theory Modeling of Low-Loss Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in Wurtzite III-Nitride Ternary Alloys}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {22}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {706-716}, issn = {1431-9276, 1435-8115}, doi = {10.1017/S1431927616000106}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1431927616000106}, author = {Alberto Eljarrat and Xavier Sastre and Francesca Peir{\'o} and S{\'o}nia Estrad{\'e}} } @article {854, title = {Design principles for metal oxide redox materials for solar-driven isothermal fuel production}, journal = {Advanced Energy Materials}, volume = {5}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1401082}, issn = {16146832}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.201401082}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aenm.201401082}, author = {Ronald Michalsky and Venkatesh Botu and Cory M. Hargus and Andrew A. Peterson and Aldo Steinfeld} } @article {932, title = {Enhanced Oxidation Kinetics in Thermochemical Cycling of CeO 2 through Templated Porosity}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {117}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1692-1700}, issn = {1932-7447, 1932-7455}, doi = {10.1021/jp309247c}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp309247c}, author = {Stephen G. Rudisill and Luke J. Venstrom and Nicholas D. Petkovich and Tingting Quan and Nicholas Hein and Daniel B. Boman and Jane H. Davidson and Andreas Stein} } @article {986, title = {Exploring the Redox Behavior of La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xAlxO3 Perovskites for CO2-Splitting in Thermochemical Cycles}, journal = {Topics in Catalysis}, volume = {60}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1108-1118}, issn = {1022-5528, 1572-9028}, doi = {10.1007/s11244-017-0790-4}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11244-017-0790-4}, author = {Daniel Sastre and Alfonso J. Carrillo and David P. Serrano and Patricia Pizarro and Juan M. Coronado} } @article {746, title = {High Temperature Structural Study of Gd-Doped Ceria by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (673 K <= T <= 1073 K)}, journal = {Inorganic Chemistry}, volume = {53}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {10140-10149}, abstract = {The crystallographic features of Gd-doped ceria were investigated at the operating temperature of solid oxides fuel cells, where these materials are used as solid electrolytes. (Ce1{\textendash}xGdx)O2-x/2 samples (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) were prepared by coprecipitation of mixed oxalates, treated at 1473 K in air, and analyzed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 673 K <= T <= 1073 K at the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility located in Trieste, Italy. In the whole temperature span a boundary was found at x \~{} 0.2 between a CeO2-based solid solution (for x <= 0.2) and a structure where Gd2O3 microdomains grow within the CeO2 matrix, taking advantage of the similarity between Gd3+ and Ce4+ sizes; the existence of the boundary at x \~{} 0.2 was confirmed also by measurements of ionic conductivity performed by impedance spectroscopy. Similar to what observed at room temperature, the trend of the cell parameter shows the presence of a maximum; with increasing temperature, the composition corresponding to the maximum moves toward lower Gd content. This evidence can be explained by analyzing the behavior of the coefficient of thermal expansion as a function of composition.}, issn = {0020-1669}, doi = {10.1021/ic5011242}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/ic5011242}, author = {Cristina Artini and Marcella Pani and Andrea Lausi and Roberto Masini and Giorgio A. Costa} } @article {1019, title = {High-durability titanium bipolar plate modified by electrochemical deposition of platinum for unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC)}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, volume = {195}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1950-1956}, abstract = {The electrochemical deposition of platinum on a titanium bipolar plate (Pt/Ti) was studied for applications in a unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC). Platinum deposition on the titanium plate was carried out in the platinum precursor solution (1.8gdm-3) at constant acidity (pH 1.0) and temperature (90{\textdegree}C). The pre-treatment of the titanium plate and the applied deposition current density were optimized to obtain uniform deposition of platinum on the titanium plate. New bipolar plates were prepared using the optimized deposition process and were used in a URFC. Electrochemical deposition of platinum on the titanium plate can effectively prohibit the formation of a passive oxide layer and corrosion on the surface of the bipolar plate, leading to lower resistance and better performance. In addition, the stability of URFC performance after the operation of the cell at 2.0V for 1h was significantly improved by the platinum deposition on the titanium bipolar plate. This improvement was mainly due to reduced corrosion on the surface of the bipolar plate.}, issn = {0378-7753}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.002}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775309017352}, author = {Ho-Young Jung and Sheng-Yang Huang and Branko N. Popov} } @article {995, title = {High-temperature sulfuric acid decomposition over complex metal oxide catalysts}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {34}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4065-4073}, abstract = {Activity and stability of FeTiO3, MnTiO3, NiFe2O4, CuFe2O4, NiCr2O4, 2CuO{\textperiodcentered}Cr2O3, CuO and Fe2O3 for the atmospheric decomposition of concentrated sulfuric acid in sulfur-based thermochemical water splitting cycles are presented. Catalyst activity was determined at temperatures from 725 to 900{\textdegree}C. Catalytic stability was examined at 850{\textdegree}C for up to 1 week of continuous operation. The results were compared to a 1.0wt\% Pt/TiO2 catalyst. Surface area by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction analyses, and temperature programmed desorption and oxidation were used to characterize fresh and spent catalyst samples. Over the temperature range, the catalyst activity of the complex oxides followed the general trend: 2CuO{\textperiodcentered}Cr2O3>CuFe2O4>NiCr2O4≈NiFe2O4>MnTiO3≈FeTiO3. At temperatures less than 800{\textdegree}C, the 1.0wt\% Pt/TiO2 catalyst had higher activity than the complex oxides, but at temperatures above 850{\textdegree}C, the 2CuO{\textperiodcentered}Cr2O3 and CuFe2O4 samples had the highest activity. Surface area was found to decrease for all of the metal oxides after exposure to reaction conditions. In addition, the two complex metal oxides that contained chromium were not stable in the reaction environment; both leached chromium into the acid stream and decomposed into their individual oxides. The FeTiO3 sample also produced a discoloration of the reactor due to minor leaching and converted to Fe2TiO5. Fe2O3, MnTiO3 and NiFe2O4 were relatively stable in the reaction environment. In addition, CuFe2O4 catalyst appeared relatively promising due to its high activity and lack of any leaching issues; however it deactivated in week-long stability experiments. Complex metal oxides may provide an attractive alternative to platinum-based catalyst for the decomposition of sulfuric acid; however, the materials examined in this study all displayed shortcomings including material sintering, phase changes, low activity at moderated temperatures due to sulfate formation, and decomposition to their individual oxides. More effort is needed in this area to discover metal oxide materials that are less expensive, more active and more stable than platinum catalysts.}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.064}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319908013062}, author = {Daniel M. Ginosar and Harry W. Rollins and Lucia M. Petkovic and Kyle C. Burch and Michael J. Rush} } @article {943, title = {Hydrogen production by water splitting on manganese ferrite-sodium carbonate mixture: Feasibility tests in a packed bed solar reactor-receiver}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {39}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {20920-20929}, issn = {03603199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.10.105}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319914029450}, author = {Francesca Varsano and Maria Anna Murmura and Bruno Brunetti and Franco Padella and Aurelio La Barbera and Carlo Alvani and Maria Cristina Annesini} } @article {931, title = {Material Analysis of Coated Siliconized Silicon Carbide (SiSiC) Honeycomb Structures for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production}, journal = {Materials}, volume = {6}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {421-436}, issn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma6020421}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/6/2/421/}, author = {Martina Neises-von Puttkamer and Heike Simon and Martin Schm{\"u}cker and Martin Roeb and Christian Sattler and Robert Pitz-Paal} } @article {912, title = {Materials-Related Aspects of Thermochemical Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting: A Review}, journal = {Materials}, volume = {5}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2015-2054}, issn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma5112015}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/5/11/2015/}, author = {Martin Roeb and Martina Neises and Nathalie Monnerie and Friedemann Call and Heike Simon and Christian Sattler and Martin Schm{\"u}cker and Robert Pitz-Paal} } @article {1007, title = {Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution}, journal = {Energy \& Environmental Science}, volume = {8}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2863-2885}, abstract = {Materials and photoelectrode architectures that are highly efficient, extremely stable, and made from low cost materials are required for commercially viable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting technology. A key challenge is the heterogeneous nature of real-world materials, which often possess spatial variation in their crystal structure, morphology, and/or composition at the nano-, micro-, or macro-scale. Different structures and compositions can have vastly different properties and can therefore strongly influence the overall performance of the photoelectrode through complex structure{\textendash}property relationships. A complete understanding of photoelectrode materials would also involve elucidation of processes such as carrier collection and electrochemical charge transfer that occur at very fast time scales. We present herein an overview of a broad suite of experimental and computational tools that can be used to define the structure{\textendash}property relationships of photoelectrode materials at small dimensions and on fast time scales. A major focus is on in situ scanning-probe measurement (SPM) techniques that possess the ability to measure differences in optical, electronic, catalytic, and physical properties with nano- or micro-scale spatial resolution. In situ ultrafast spectroscopic techniques, used to probe carrier dynamics involved with processes such as carrier generation, recombination, and interfacial charge transport, are also discussed. Complementing all of these experimental techniques are computational atomistic modeling tools, which can be invaluable for interpreting experimental results, aiding in materials discovery, and interrogating PEC processes at length and time scales not currently accessible by experiment. In addition to reviewing the basic capabilities of these experimental and computational techniques, we highlight key opportunities and limitations of applying these tools for the development of PEC materials.}, issn = {1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/C5EE00835B}, url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ee/c5ee00835b}, author = {Daniel V. Esposito and Jason B. Baxter and Jimmy John and Nathan S. Lewis and Thomas P. Moffat and Tadashi Ogitsu and Glen D. O{\textquoteright}Neil and Tuan Anh Pham and A. Alec Talin and Jesus M. Velazquez and Brandon C. Wood} } @article {874, title = {Modeling the Direct Solar Conversion of CO 2 to CO and O 2}, journal = {Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry Research}, volume = {43}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {2446-2453}, issn = {0888-5885, 1520-5045}, doi = {10.1021/ie030745o}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie030745o}, author = {Ralph J. Price and David A. Morse and Steven L. Hardy and Thomas H. Fletcher and Scott C. Hill and Reed J. Jensen} } @article {768, title = {M-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy of 4f instabilities in rare-earth systems (invited)}, journal = {Journal of Applied Physics}, volume = {55}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1910-1915}, issn = {0021-8979}, doi = {10.1063/1.333517}, url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.333517}, author = {G. Kaindl and G. Kalkowski and W. D. Brewer and B. Perscheid and F. Holtzberg} } @article {993, title = {Pt/TiO2 (rutile) catalysts for sulfuric acid decomposition in sulfur-based thermochemical water-splitting cycles}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A: General}, volume = {338}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {27-36}, abstract = {Thermochemical cycles consist of a series of chemical reactions to produce hydrogen from water at lower temperatures than by direct thermal decomposition. All the sulfur-based cycles for water splitting employ the sulfuric acid decomposition reaction. This work reports the studies performed on 1wt\% Pt/TiO2 (rutile) catalysts submitted to flowing concentrated sulfuric acid at 1123K and atmospheric pressure for different times on stream between 0 and 548h. Catalyst activity showed an initial decrease that lasted for about 66h, followed by a slight recovery of activity between 66 and 102h TOS, and a period of slower deactivation after 102h TOS. Catalyst sulfation did not seem to be detrimental to catalyst activity. The activity profile suggested that a complex dynamic situation, involving platinum sintering, volatilization, and oxidation, along with TiO2 morphological changes, affected catalyst activity in a non-monotonic way.}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2007.12.016}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926860X07007363}, author = {L. M. Petkovic and D. M. Ginosar and H. W. Rollins and K. C. Burch and P. J. Pinhero and H. H. Farrell} } @article {756, title = {Rate Constants of Electrochemical Reactions in a Lithium-Sulfur Cell Determined by Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, volume = {165}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {A3487-A3495}, abstract = {The reduction of sulfur during discharge in a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell is known to occur in a series of reaction steps that involve lithium polysulfide intermediates. We present an operando study of the discharge of a solid-state Li-S cell using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In theory, the average chain length of the polysulfides, xavg,cell, at a given depth of discharge is determined by the number of electrons delivered to the sulfur cathode. The dependence of xavg,cell measured by XAS on the depth of discharge is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. XAS is also used to track the formation of Li2S, the final discharge product, as a function of depth of discharge. The XAS measurements were used to estimate rate constants of a series of simple reactions commonly accepted in literature.}, issn = {0013-4651, 1945-7111}, doi = {10.1149/2.0981814jes}, url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/165/14/A3487}, author = {Dunyang Rita Wang and Deep B. Shah and Jacqueline A. Maslyn and Whitney S. Loo and Kevin H. Wujcik and Erik J. Nelson and Matthew J. Latimer and Jun Feng and David Prendergast and Tod A. Pascal and Nitash P. Balsara} } @article {771, title = {Resonant soft x-ray powder diffraction study to determine the orbital ordering in A-site-ordered SmBaMn 2 O 6}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {77}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, issn = {1098-0121, 1550-235X}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.77.060402}, url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.060402}, author = {M. Garc{\'\i}a-Fern{\'a}ndez and U. Staub and Y. Bodenthin and S. M. Lawrence and A. M. Mulders and C. E. Buckley and S. Weyeneth and E. Pomjakushina and K. Conder} } @article {884, title = {Solar-thermal production of renewable hydrogen}, journal = {AIChE Journal}, volume = {55}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {286-293}, issn = {00011541, 15475905}, doi = {10.1002/aic.11810}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aic.11810}, author = {Christopher Perkins and Alan W. Weimer} } @article {992, title = {Stability of supported platinum sulfuric acid decomposition catalysts for use in thermochemical water splitting cycles}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {32}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {482-488}, abstract = {The activity and stability of several metal oxide supported platinum catalysts were explored for the sulfuric acid decomposition reaction. The acid decomposition reaction is common to several sulfur based thermochemical water splitting cycles. Reactions were carried out using a feed of concentrated liquid sulfuric acid (96wt\%) at atmospheric pressure at temperatures between 800 and 850oC and a weight hour space velocity of 52g acid/g catalyst/h. Reactions were run at high space velocities such that variations in kinetics were not masked by surplus catalyst. The influence of exposure to reaction conditions was explored for three catalysts; 0.1{\textendash}0.2wt\% Pt supported on alumina, zirconia and titania. The higher surface area Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 catalysts had the highest activity but deactivated rapidly. A low surface area Pt/TiO2 catalyst had good stability in short term tests, but slowly lost activity for over 200h of continuous operation.}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.053}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319906002655}, author = {Daniel M. Ginosar and Lucia M. Petkovic and Anne W. Glenn and Kyle C. Burch} } @article {747, title = {Structural Features of Sm- and Gd-Doped Ceria Studied by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and μ-Raman Spectroscopy}, journal = {Inorganic Chemistry}, volume = {54}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {4126-4137}, abstract = {A structural study of Sm- and Gd-doped ceria was performed with the aim to clarify some unexplained structural features. (Ce1{\textendash}xREx)O2{\textendash}x/2 samples (RE = Sm, Gd; x = 0, 0.1, ..., 1) were prepared by coprecipitation of mixed oxalates and subsequent thermal treatment at 1473, 1173, or 1073 K in air; they were then analyzed at room temperature both by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and μ-Raman spectroscopy. Two structural models were adopted to fit the experimental data, namely, a fluoritic one, resembling the CeO2 structure at low RE content, and a hybrid one at higher RE content, intermediate between the CeO2 and the RE2O3 structures. Two main transitions were detected along the compositional range: (a) an RE-dependent transition at the boundary between the fluoritic and the hybrid regions, of a chemical nature; (b) an RE-independent transition within the hybrid region at \~{}0.5, having a purely geometrical nature. The presence of two finely interlaced F- and C-based structures within the hybrid region was confirmed, and hints of their composition were obtained by μ-Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicate a possible explanation for the non-Vegard behavioral trend of the cell parameters.}, issn = {0020-1669}, doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00395}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00395}, author = {Cristina Artini and Marcella Pani and Maria Maddalena Carnasciali and Maria Teresa Buscaglia and Jasper Rikkert Plaisier and Giorgio Andrea Costa} } @article {750, title = {Structural properties of Sm-doped ceria electrolytes at the fuel cell operating temperatures}, journal = {Solid State Ionics}, volume = {315}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {85-91}, abstract = {A high temperature structural study (673{\textendash}1073K) was performed by means of synchrotron x-ray diffraction and μ-Raman spectroscopy on several compositions belonging to the Ce1-xSmxO2-x/2 system with the aim to investigate the crystallographic features of Sm-doped ceria electrolytes at the fuel cell operating temperatures; ionic conductivity of samples with x ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 was measured too in order to correlate the main structural features with transport properties. A slight shift toward lower x values of the fluorite-based/hybrid region boundary is observed with increasing temperature; moreover, the coefficient of thermal expansion reveals a strong slope change close to x=0.3, which represents the crossover composition between the two atomic arrangements. The presence of C-structured RE2O3 nanodomains within the fluorite structure starting from x~0.2 is revealed by μ-Raman spectroscopy and confirmed by the behaviour of total conductivity. The ordering effect exerted at each temperature by the Sm-vacancies aggregates on the fluorite structure within the hybrid region influences the behaviour of both the intensity and the full width at half maximum of the Raman signal typical of the CeO2 structure. The obtained results are discussed in comparison to the ones deriving from the Gd-doped ceria system.}, issn = {0167-2738}, doi = {10.1016/j.ssi.2017.12.009}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167273817304800}, author = {C. Artini and M. M. Carnasciali and M. Viviani and S. Presto and J. R. Plaisier and G. A. Costa and M. Pani} } @article {752, title = {On the structural stability of crystalline ceria phases in undoped and acceptor-doped ceria materials under in situ reduction conditions}, journal = {Crystengcomm}, volume = {21}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {145-154}, abstract = {The reduction of pure and Sm-doped ceria in hydrogen has been studied by synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction to eventually prove or disprove the presence of crystalline cerium hydride (CeHx) phases and the succession of potential structural phase (trans)formations of reduced cerium oxide phases during heating-cooling cycles up to 1273 K. Despite a recent report on the existence of bulk and surface CeHx phases during reductive treatment of pure CeO2 in H-2, structural analysis by Rietveld refinement as well as additional H-1-NMR spectroscopy did not reveal the presence of any crystalline CeHx phase. Rather, a sequence of phase transformations during the re-cooling process in H-2 has been observed. In both samples, the reduced/defective fluorite lattice undergoes at first a transformation into a bixbyite-type lattice with a formal stoichiometry Ce0.583+Ce0.424+O1.71 and Sm0.153+Ce0.393+Ce0.464+O1.73, before a transformation into rhombohedral Ce7O12 takes place in pure CeO2. This phase is clearly absent for the Sm-doped material. Finally, a triclinic Ce11O20 phase appears for both materials, which can be recovered to room temperature, and on which a phase mixture of bixbyite Ce0.663+Ce0.344+O1.67, rh-Ce0.603+Ce0.404+O1.70 and tri-Ce0.483+Ce0.524+O1.76 (for pure CeO2) or bixbyite Sm0.153+Ce0.473+Ce0.384+O1.69 and tri-Sm0.153+Ce0.313+Ce0.544+O1.77 (for Sm-doped CeO2) prevails. The absence of the rhombohedral phase indicates that Sm doping leads to the stabilization of the bixbyite phase over the rhombohedral one at this particular oxygen vacancy concentration. It is worth noting that recent work proves that hydrogen is indeed incorporated within the structures during the heat treatments, but under the chosen experimental conditions it has apparently no effect on the salient structural principles during reduction.}, issn = {1466-8033}, doi = {10.1039/c8ce01726c}, author = {Maged F. Bekheet and Matthias Gruenbacher and Lukas Schlicker and Albert Gili and Andrew Doran and Jan Dirk Epping and Aleksander Gurlo and Bernhard Kloetzer and Simon Penner} } @article {849, title = {Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermochemical Redox Performance of Hf 4+ , Zr 4+ , and Sc 3+ Doped Ceria for Splitting CO 2}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {117}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {24104-24114}, issn = {1932-7447, 1932-7455}, doi = {10.1021/jp4050572}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp4050572}, author = {Jonathan R. Scheffe and Roger Jacot and Greta R. Patzke and Aldo Steinfeld} } @article {896, title = {Test operation of a 100kW pilot plant for solar hydrogen production from water on a solar tower}, journal = {Solar Energy}, volume = {85}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {634-644}, issn = {0038092X}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2010.04.014}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X10001623}, author = {M. Roeb and J.-P. S{\"a}ck and P. Rietbrock and C. Prahl and H. Schreiber and M. Neises and L. de Oliveira and D. Graf and M. Ebert and W. Reinalter and M. Meyer-Gr{\"u}nefeldt and C. Sattler and A. Lopez and A. Vidal and A. Elsberg and P. Stobbe and D. Jones and A. Steele and S. Lorentzou and C. Pagkoura and A. Zygogianni and C. Agrafiotis and A.G. Konstandopoulos} } @article {947, title = {Thermodynamics of CeO2 thermochemical fuel production}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {150126104600001}, issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029}, doi = {10.1021/ef5019912}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef5019912}, author = {B. Bulfin and F. Call and M. Lange and O. L{\"u}bben and C. Sattler and R. Pitz-Paal and I. V. Shvets} } @article {832, title = {Towards Solar Fuels from Water and CO 2}, journal = {ChemSusChem}, volume = {3}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {195-208}, issn = {18645631, 1864564X}, doi = {10.1002/cssc.200900289}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cssc.200900289}, author = {Gabriele Centi and Siglinda Perathoner} } @article {940, title = {T{\textendash}S diagram efficiency analysis of two-step thermochemical cycles for solar water splitting under various process conditions}, journal = {Energy}, volume = {67}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {298-308}, issn = {03605442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.112}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544214001509}, author = {M. Lange and M. Roeb and C. Sattler and R. Pitz-Paal} } @article {830, title = {Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to improve the performance of a solar CO2 converter}, journal = {Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry Research}, volume = {46}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1959-1967}, issn = {0888-5885, 1520-5045}, doi = {10.1021/ie061035w}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie061035w}, author = {Ralph J. Price and Thomas H. Fletcher and Reed J. Jensen} }