@article {994,
	title = {Catalytic activity of supported metal particles for sulfuric acid decomposition reaction},
	journal = {Catalysis Today},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2009},
	note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}
},
	pages = {291-298},
	abstract = {Published on January 30th, 2009.
Production of hydrogen by splitting of water in the thermochemical sulfur-based cycles that employs the catalytic decomposition of sulfuric acid into SO2 and O2 is of considerable interest. However, all of the known catalytic systems studied to date that consist of metal particles on oxide substrates deactivate with time on stream. To develop an understanding of the factors that are responsible for catalyst activity, we investigate the fresh activity of several platinum group metals (PGM) catalysts, including Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru supported on titania at 850{\textdegree}C and perform an extensive theoretical study (density-functional-theory-based first-principles calculations and computer simulations) of the activity of the PGM nanoparticles of different size and shape positioned on TiO2 (rutile and anatase) and Al2O3 (γ- and η-alumina) surfaces. The activity and deactivation of the catalytic systems are defined by (i) the energy barrier for the detachment of O atoms from the SOn (n=1, 2, 3) species, and (ii) the removal rate of the products of the sulfuric acid decomposition (atomic O, S, and the SOn species) from metal nanoparticles. We show that these two nanoscale features collectively result in the observed experimental behavior. The removal rate of the reaction products is always lower than the SOn decomposition rates. The relation between these two rates explains why the {\textquotedblleft}softer{\textquotedblright} PGM nanoparticles (Pd and Pt) exhibit the highest initial catalytic activity.},
	issn = {0920-5861},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2008.03.029},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092058610800117X},
	author = {Sergey N. Rashkeev and Daniel M. Ginosar and Lucia M. Petkovic and Helen H. Farrell}
}
@article {995,
	title = {High-temperature sulfuric acid decomposition over complex metal oxide catalysts},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {34},
	note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}
},
	pages = {4065-4073},
	abstract = {Activity and stability of FeTiO3, MnTiO3, NiFe2O4, CuFe2O4, NiCr2O4, 2CuO{\textperiodcentered}Cr2O3, CuO and Fe2O3 for the atmospheric decomposition of concentrated sulfuric acid in sulfur-based thermochemical water splitting cycles are presented. Catalyst activity was determined at temperatures from 725 to 900{\textdegree}C. Catalytic stability was examined at 850{\textdegree}C for up to 1 week of continuous operation. The results were compared to a 1.0wt\% Pt/TiO2 catalyst. Surface area by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction analyses, and temperature programmed desorption and oxidation were used to characterize fresh and spent catalyst samples. Over the temperature range, the catalyst activity of the complex oxides followed the general trend: 2CuO{\textperiodcentered}Cr2O3>CuFe2O4>NiCr2O4≈NiFe2O4>MnTiO3≈FeTiO3. At temperatures less than 800{\textdegree}C, the 1.0wt\% Pt/TiO2 catalyst had higher activity than the complex oxides, but at temperatures above 850{\textdegree}C, the 2CuO{\textperiodcentered}Cr2O3 and CuFe2O4 samples had the highest activity. Surface area was found to decrease for all of the metal oxides after exposure to reaction conditions. In addition, the two complex metal oxides that contained chromium were not stable in the reaction environment; both leached chromium into the acid stream and decomposed into their individual oxides. The FeTiO3 sample also produced a discoloration of the reactor due to minor leaching and converted to Fe2TiO5. Fe2O3, MnTiO3 and NiFe2O4 were relatively stable in the reaction environment. In addition, CuFe2O4 catalyst appeared relatively promising due to its high activity and lack of any leaching issues; however it deactivated in week-long stability experiments. Complex metal oxides may provide an attractive alternative to platinum-based catalyst for the decomposition of sulfuric acid; however, the materials examined in this study all displayed shortcomings including material sintering, phase changes, low activity at moderated temperatures due to sulfate formation, and decomposition to their individual oxides. More effort is needed in this area to discover metal oxide materials that are less expensive, more active and more stable than platinum catalysts.},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.064},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319908013062},
	author = {Daniel M. Ginosar and Harry W. Rollins and Lucia M. Petkovic and Kyle C. Burch and Michael J. Rush}
}
@article {992,
	title = {Stability of supported platinum sulfuric acid decomposition catalysts for use in thermochemical water splitting cycles},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {32},
	note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}
},
	pages = {482-488},
	abstract = {The activity and stability of several metal oxide supported platinum catalysts were explored for the sulfuric acid decomposition reaction. The acid decomposition reaction is common to several sulfur based thermochemical water splitting cycles. Reactions were carried out using a feed of concentrated liquid sulfuric acid (96wt\%) at atmospheric pressure at temperatures between 800 and 850oC and a weight hour space velocity of 52g acid/g catalyst/h. Reactions were run at high space velocities such that variations in kinetics were not masked by surplus catalyst. The influence of exposure to reaction conditions was explored for three catalysts; 0.1{\textendash}0.2wt\% Pt supported on alumina, zirconia and titania. The higher surface area Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 catalysts had the highest activity but deactivated rapidly. A low surface area Pt/TiO2 catalyst had good stability in short term tests, but slowly lost activity for over 200h of continuous operation.},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.053},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319906002655},
	author = {Daniel M. Ginosar and Lucia M. Petkovic and Anne W. Glenn and Kyle C. Burch}
}
