@article {1165,
	title = {Scaleup and manufacturability of symmetric-structured metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells},
	journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
	volume = {489},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {229439},
	abstract = {Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with symmetric architecture, having metal supports on both sides of the cell, are scaled up from button cell size to large 50~cm2 active area cell size. The cells remain flat after sintering assisted by the symmetric structure. Equivalent performance is achieved for button cells and large cells, and thermal cycling and redox cycling tolerance are demonstrated for the large cells. The catalyst infiltration process is improved to enable high-throughput manufacturing. The cumbersome lab-scale molten nitrate infiltration process is replaced with a room-temperature process in which a shelf-stable aqueous solution of nitrate salts is applied to the cell by spraying, painting, or other scalable techniques. A fast-ramp thermal conversion of the nitrate salts to the final oxide catalyst composition is implemented, allowing many infiltration cycles to be accomplished in a single work shift. Increasing the number of infiltration cycles from 5 to 10 led to an increase in peak power density from approximately 0.3 to 0.52~W~cm-2.},
	keywords = {infiltration, Metal-supported, Scale up, SOFC},
	issn = {0378-7753},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229439},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775320317225},
	author = {Emir Dogdibegovic and Yuan Cheng and Fengyu Shen and Ruofan Wang and Boxun Hu and Michael C. Tucker}
}
@article {1061,
	title = {Assessment of co-sintering as a fabrication approach for metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells},
	journal = {Solid State Ionics},
	volume = {332},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	pages = {25-33},
	abstract = {<p><span style="color: $\#$111111; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, {\textquoteright}Segoe UI{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}Helvetica Neue{\textquoteright}, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: $\#$fafafa;">Published on April 1st, 2019. Proton conducting oxide electrolyte materials could potentially lower the operating temperature of metal-supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOCs) to the intermediate range 400 to 600 {\textdegree}C. The porous metal substrate provides the advantages of MS-SOCs such as high thermal and redox cycling tolerance, low-cost of structural materials, and mechanical ruggedness. In this work, viability of co-sintering fabrication of metal-supported proton conducting solid oxide cells is investigated. Candidate proton conducting oxides including perovskite oxides BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ, SrZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-δ, and Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9-δ, pyrochlore oxides La1.95Ca0.05Zr2O7-δ and La2Ce2O7, and acceptor doped rare-earth ortho-niobate La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 are synthesized via solid state reactive or sol-gel methods. These ceramics are sintered at 1450 {\textdegree}C in reducing environment alone and supported on Fe-Cr alloy metal support, and their key characteristics such as phase formation, sintering property, and chemical compatibility with metal support are determined. Most electrolyte candidates suffer from one or more challenges identified for this fabrication approach, including: phase decomposition in reducing atmosphere, evaporation of electrolyte constituents, contamination of the electrolyte with Si and Cr from the metal support, and incomplete electrolyte sintering. In contrast, La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 is found to be highly compatible with the metal support and co-sintering processing in reducing atmosphere. A metal-supported cell is fabricated with La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, ferritic stainless steel support, Pt air electrode and nanoparticulate ceria-Ni hydrogen electrocatalyst. The total resistance is 50 Ω{\textperiodcentered}cm2 at 600 {\textdegree}C. This work clearly demonstrates the challenges, opportunities, and breakthrough of metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells by co-sintering fabrication.</span></p>},
	issn = {0167-2738},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ssi.2019.01.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167273818309263},
	author = {Ruofan Wang and Conor Byrne and Michael C. Tucker}
}
@article {1185,
	title = {Ferritic stainless steel interconnects for protonic ceramic electrochemical cell stacks: Oxidation behavior and protective coatings},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {25297-25309},
	abstract = {Protonic ceramic fuel or electrolysis cells (PCFC/PCEC) have shown promising performance at intermediate temperatures. However, these technologies have not yet been demonstrated in a stack, hence the oxidation behavior of the metallic interconnect under relevant operating environments is unknown. In this work, ferritic stainless steels 430 SS, 441 SS, and Crofer 22 APU were investigated for their use as interconnect materials in the PCFC/PCEC stack. The bare metal sheets were exposed to a humidified air environment in the temperature range from 450~{\textdegree}C to 650~{\textdegree}C, to simulate their application in a PCFC cathode or PCEC anode. Breakaway oxidation with rapid weight gain and Fe outward diffusion/oxidation was observed on all the selected stainless steel materials. A protective coating is deemed necessary to prevent the metallic interconnect from oxidizing. To mitigate the observed breakaway oxidation, state-of-the-art protective coatings, Y2O3, Ce0.02Mn1.49Co1.49O4, CuMn1.8O4 and Ce/Co, were applied to the stainless steel sheets and their oxidation resistance was investigated. Dual atmosphere testing further validated the effectiveness of the protective coatings in realistic PCFC/PCEC environments, with a hydrogen gradient across the interconnect. Several combinations of metal and coating material were found to be viable for use as the interconnect for PCFC/PCEC stacks.},
	keywords = {Dual atmosphere, Interconnect oxidation, Oxidation, Protective coatings, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cell, Protonic ceramic fuel cell},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.041},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319919329581},
	author = {Ruofan Wang and Zhihao Sun and Jung-Pyung Choi and Soumendra N. Basu and Jeffry W. Stevenson and Michael C. Tucker}
}
