@article {1136,
	title = {Comprehensive Evaluation for Protective Coatings: Optical, Electrical, Photoelectrochemical, and Spectroscopic Characterizations},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022},
	abstract = {Numerous efficient semiconductors suffer from instability in aqueous electrolytes. Strategies utilizing protective coatings have thus been developed to protect these photoabsorbers against corrosion while synergistically improving charge separation and reaction kinetics. Recently, various photoelectrochemical (PEC) protective coatings have been reported with suitable electronic properties to ensure low charge transport loss and reveal the fundamental photoabsorber efficiency. However, protocols for studying the critical figures of merit for protective coatings have yet to be established. For this reason, we propose four criteria for evaluating the performance of a protective coating for PEC water-splitting: stability, conductivity, optical transparency, and energetic matching. We then propose a flow chart that summarizes the recommended testing protocols for quantifying these four performance metrics. In particular, we lay out the stepwise testing protocols to evaluate the energetics matching at a semiconductor/coating/(catalyst)/liquid interface. Finally, we provide an outlook for the future benchmarking needs for coatings.},
	keywords = {coating, energetics, performance evaluation, performance metrics, spectroscopy},
	issn = {2296-598X},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.799776},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.799776},
	author = {Shen, Xin and Yanagi, Rito and Solanki, Devan and Su, Haoqing and Li, Zhaohan and Xiang, Cheng-Xiang and Hu, Shu}
}
@article {1132,
	title = {A Computational Framework to Accelerate the Discovery of Perovskites for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production: Identification of Gd Perovskite Oxide Redox Mediators},
	journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {2200201},
	abstract = {A high-throughput computational framework to identify novel multinary perovskite redox mediators is presented, and this framework is applied to discover the Gd-containing perovskite oxide compositions Gd2BB'O6, GdA'B2O6, and GdA'BB'O6 that split water. The computational scheme uses a sequence of empirical approaches to evaluate the stabilities, electronic properties, and oxygen vacancy thermodynamics of these materials, including contributions to the enthalpies and entropies of reduction, ΔHTR and ΔSTR. This scheme uses the machine-learned descriptor τ to identify compositions that are likely stable as perovskites, the bond valence method to estimate the magnitude and phase of BO6 octahedral tilting and provide accurate initial estimates of perovskite geometries, and density functional theory including magnetic- and defect-sampling to predict STCH-relevant properties. Eighty-three promising STCH candidate perovskite oxides down-selected from 4392 Gd-containing compositions are reported, three of which are referred to experimental collaborators for characterization and exhibit STCH activity. The results demonstrate that the high-throughput computational scheme described herein{\textemdash}which is used to evaluate Gd-containing compositions but can be applied to any multinary perovskite oxide compositional space(s) of interest{\textemdash}accelerates the discovery of novel STCH active redox mediators with reasonable computational expense.},
	keywords = {concentrated solar energy, density functional theory, hydrogen, Perovskite, thermochemical water splitting},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202200201},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adfm.202200201},
	author = {Bare, Zachary J. L. and Morelock, Ryan J. and Musgrave, Charles B.}
}
@article {1137,
	title = {Considerations for the Accurate Measurement of Incident Photon to Current Efficiency in Photoelectrochemical Cells},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022},
	abstract = {In this paper we review some of the considerations and potential sources of error when conducting Incident Photon to Current Efficiency (IPCE) measurements, with focus on photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for water splitting. The PEC aspect introduces challenges for accurate measurements often not encountered in dry PV cells. These can include slow charge transfer dynamics and, depending on conditions (such as a white light bias, which is important for samples with non-linear response to light intensity), possible composition changes, mostly at the surface, that a sample may gradually undergo as a result of chemical interactions with the aqueous electrolyte. These can introduce often-overlooked dependencies related to the timing of the measurement, such as a slower measurement requirement in the case of slow charge transfer dynamics, to accurately capture the steady-state response of the system. Fluctuations of the probe beam can be particularly acute when a Xe lamp with monochromator is used, and longer scanning times also allow for appreciable changes in the sample environment, especially when the sample is under realistically strong white light bias. The IPCE measurement system and procedure need to be capable of providing accurate measurements under specific conditions, according to sample and operating requirements. To illustrate these issues, complications, and solution options, we present example measurements of hematite photoanodes, leading to the use of a motorized rotating mirror stage to solve the inherent fluctuation and drift-related problems. For an example of potential pitfalls in IPCE measurements of metastable samples, we present measurements of BiVO<sub>4</sub> photoanodes, which had changing IPCE spectral shapes under white-light bias.},
	keywords = {device characterisation, EQE, IPCE, measurement technique, photoelectrochemical},
	issn = {2296-598X},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.726069},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.726069},
	author = {Ellis, David S. and Piekner, Yifat and Grave, Daniel A. and Schnell, Patrick and Rothschild, Avner}
}
@article {1140,
	title = {Formation of 6H-Ba3Ce0.75Mn2.25O9 During Thermochemical Reduction of 12R-Ba4CeMn3O12: Identification of a Polytype in the Ba(Ce,Mn)O3 Family},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2022},
	month = {4},
	keywords = {analytical chemistry, inorganic, layered perovskite, organic, oxide, physical, polytype, STCH, thermochemistry},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00282},
	author = {Strange, Nicholas A. and Park, James Eujin and Goyal, Anuj and Bell, Robert T. and Trindell, Jamie A. and Sugar, Joshua D. and Stone, Kevin H. and Coker, Eric N. and Lany, Stephan and Shulda, Sarah and Ginley, David S.}
}
@article {1144,
	title = {Migration of inclusions in a matrix due to a spatially varying interface energy},
	journal = {Scripta Materialia},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {114235},
	abstract = {An interfacial energy can be a function of a bulk field such as temperature or electric field. We find that in a system with a gradient in temperature or electric potential, the resulting variation in interfacial energy can induce a particle to migrate by either surface or bulk diffusion. For a circular particle under a constant unidirectional gradient in the bulk field, the field dependence of the interfacial energy induces a circular particle to move as a circle at a constant velocity along the direction from higher to lower interfacial energy. A linear stability analysis of this steady state migration suggests that perturbations will damp out as time evolves, and thus under these conditions a migrating circular particle is morphologically stable. Other spatial distributions of interface energy can lead to the distortion of an initially circular shaped particle during migration. A phase field model is developed that captures these distortions and verifies the theoretical results mentioned above.},
	keywords = {Bulk diffusion, Interface diffusion, Interface energy depends on a field varying with location, Particle migration},
	issn = {1359-6462},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114235},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359646221005157},
	author = {Qian Zhang and Scott Barnett and Peter Voorhees}
}
@article {1146,
	title = {Predicting Oxygen Off-Stoichiometry and Hydrogen Incorporation in Complex Perovskite Oxides},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {510-518},
	keywords = {charge transfer resistance, Hydrogen Incorporation, Oxygen evolution reaction, Perovskite, Perovskite Oxides, Stoichiometry},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765},
	author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Deml, Ann M. and Papac, Meagan and Zakutayev, Andriy and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan and Holder, Aaron M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Stevanovi{\'c}, Vladan}
}
@article {1147,
	title = {Redox Defect Thermochemistry of FeAl2O4 Hercynite in Water Splitting from First-Principles Methods},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {519-528},
	keywords = {concentrated solar, Hercynite, hydrogen lcroduction, Perovskite, Redox Defect, screening, thermochemistry, thermogravimetry, water splitting},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01049},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01049},
	author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Clary, Jacob M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Lany, Stephan}
}
@article {1148,
	title = {Revitalizing interface in protonic ceramic cells by acid etch},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {604},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04},
	pages = {479-485},
	keywords = {acid treatment, ceramic fuel-cell, electrolysis, high-temperature annealed electrolyte surface, proton conductivity, Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04457-y},
	author = {Bian, Wenjuan and Wu, Wei and Wang, Baoming and Tang, Wei and Zhou, Meng and Jin, Congrui and Ding, Hanping and Fan, Weiwei and Dong, Yanhao and Li, Ju and Ding, Dong}
}
@article {1133,
	title = {A Thermogravimetric Temperature-Programmed Thermal Redox Protocol for Rapid Screening of Metal Oxides for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04},
	pages = {856943},
	keywords = {concentrated solar, hydrogen lcroduction, Perovskite, screening, thermogravimetry, water splitting},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2022.856943},
	author = {Sanders, Michael and Bergeson-Keller, Anyka and Coker, Eric and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan}
}
@article {1151,
	title = {A comprehensive modeling method for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer development},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Special issue on the 2nd International Symposium on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Technologies (HEET 2019)},
	pages = {17627-17643},
	abstract = {Hydrogen attracts significant interests as an effective energy carrier that can be derived from renewable sources. Hydrogen production using a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer can efficiently convert renewable power via water splitting in wide scales{\textemdash}from large, centralized generation to on-site production. Mathematical models with multiple scales and fidelities facilitate the continuing improvements of PEM electrolyzer development to improve performance, cost, and reliability. The model scopes and methods are presented in this paper, which also introduces a comprehensive PEM electrolysis modeling tool based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, ANSYS/Fluent. The modeling tool incorporates electrochemical model of a PEM electrolysis cell to simulate the performance of coupled thermal-fluid, species transport, and electrochemical processes in a product-scale cell or stack by leveraging the powerful meshing generation and CFD solver of ANSYS/Fluent. The thermal-fluid modeling includes liquid water/gas two-phase flow and simulates a PEM electrolysis cell by using Fluent user-defined functions as add-on modules accounting for PEM-specific species transport and electrochemical processes. The modeling outcomes expediate PEM electrolyzer scaling up from basic material development and laboratory testing.},
	keywords = {Electrochemical modeling, Hydrogen production, Low temperature electrolysis water splitting, Proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.170},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921007448},
	author = {Zhiwen Ma and Liam Witteman and Jacob A. Wrubel and Guido Bender}
}
@article {1119,
	title = {Double-Site Substitution of Ce Into (Ba, Sr)MnO3 Perovskites for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	journal = {ACS Energy Letters},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {3037-3043},
	keywords = {Combinatorial synthesis, High-throughput experiments, Perovskites},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01214},
	author = {S. J. Heo and M. Sanders and R. O{\textquoteright}Hayre and A. Zakutayev}
}
@article {1158,
	title = {Influence of Supporting Electrolyte on Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Performance: Anolyte},
	journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
	volume = {168},
	year = {2021},
	month = {08/2021},
	pages = {084512},
	abstract = {Hydroxide-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is an emerging hydrogen-production pathway that combines many advantages of incumbent alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Advancement in HEMWE has been accelerated with the development of stable and conductive hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) and a more comprehensive understanding of alkaline gas-evolving kinetics. However, performance and durability without supporting electrolytes (SELs) remain inferior to PEMWE and AWE and little is known about the role and impact of the SELs. This study investigates the effects of SELs used as anolyte solutions in HEMWEs including cation-type, anion-type, SEL conductivity and pH, presence of carbonates and increased cation/OH- ratios on cell voltage and stability. We report our findings that (i) cell potential and high-frequency resistance did not correlate with anolyte SEL conductivity, (ii) cation-type influences cell voltage at low current densities (<50 mA cm-2) as predicted by half-cell measurements, (iii) increased cation/OH- ratio causes increased overpotentials, and (iv) carbonates are exchanged in the HEM but removed via self-purging at high current density. Overall, this study concludes that concentrated KOH is still the best SEL.},
	keywords = {hydrogen production pathway, Hydroxide exchange membrane, incumbent alkaline, proton exchange membrane, supporting electrolytes, water electrolysis},
	doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac1dcd},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac1dcd},
	author = {Aleksandr Kiessling and Julie C. Fornaciari and Grace Anderson and Xiong Peng and Andreas Gerstmayr and Michael R. Gerhardt and Samuel McKinney and Alexey Serov and Yu Seung Kim and Barr Zulevi and Adam Z. Weber and Nemanja Danilovic}
}
@article {1159,
	title = {Layer-structured triple-conducting electrocatalyst for water-splitting in protonic ceramic electrolysis cells: Conductivities vs. activity},
	journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
	volume = {495},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {229764},
	abstract = {Electron, proton and oxygen-triple-conducting materials are becoming the dominant steam electrode candidate to break the rate limit on the water-splitting reaction that throttles the performance of protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). In this study, based on Pr2NiO4+δ Ruddlesden-Popper phase, we manipulate these conductivities by Pr-site Ba substitution to probe the correlation of each conductivity with the kinetics of the elementary reaction steps. It is found that the proton conductivity is vital to sustain an extended active surface area for faster adsorption of reactants and desorption of products. The effect of oxygen conductivity is surprisingly found insignificant in the water-splitting reaction. On the contrary, surface oxygen removal is discovered as the most rate-limiting process. The electronic conductivity is not a direct limiting factor. However, an electron transfer process between the current collector and the electrode junction could introduce extra resistance that is perceptible at a high operating temperature range. The best water-splitting activity is obtained on a proton conductivity/oxygen surface desorption capability well-balanced sample after Ba substitution. As a result, a water-splitting reaction resistance of 0.022 Ωcm2, a current density of 1.96 A/cm2 at 700~{\textdegree}C is achieved on Pr1.7Ba0.3NiO4+δ, one of the best performances for PCECs.},
	keywords = {Hydrogen generation, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, Ruddlesden-popper phase, Triple-conducting electrocatalyst, Water-splitting},
	issn = {0378-7753},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229764},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775321003050},
	author = {Wenyuan Li and Bo Guan and Tao Yang and Zhongqiu Li and Wangying Shi and Hanchen Tian and Liang Ma and Thomas L. Kalapos and Xingbo Liu}
}
@article {1174,
	title = {Mg $\less$sub$\greater$x$\less$/sub$\greater$ Zn$\less$sub$\greater$1-x $\less$/sub$\greater$O contact to CuGa$\less$sub$\greater$3$\less$/sub$\greater$Se$\less$sub$\greater$5$\less$/sub$\greater$ absorber for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Energy},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {024001},
	abstract = {CuGa3Se5 is a promising candidate material with wide band gap for top cells in tandem photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. However, traditional CdS contact layers used with other chalcopyrite absorbers are not suitable for CuGa3Se5 due to the higher position of its conduction band (CB) minimum. Mg x Zn1- x O (MZO) is a transparent oxide with adjustable band gap and CB position as a function of magnesium composition, but its direct application is hindered by CuGa3Se5 surface oxidation. Here, MZO is investigated as a contact (n-type {\textquoteleft}buffer{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteleft}window{\textquoteright}) material to CuGa3Se5 absorbers pretreated in Cd2+ solution, and an onset potential close to 1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in 10 mM hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride electrolyte is demonstrated. The Cd2+ surface treatment changes the chemical composition and electronic structure of the CuGa3Se5 surface, as demonstrated by photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The performance of CuGa3Se5 absorber with Cd2+ treated surface in the solid-state test structure depends on the Zn/Mg ratio in the MZO layer. The measured open circuit voltage of 925 mV is promising for tandem PEC water splitting with CuGa3Se5/MZO top cells.},
	keywords = {Photocathode; PEC; Buffer layer; CuGaSe; MgZnO},
	doi = {10.1088/2515-7655/abd3b3},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/abd3b3},
	author = {Imran S Khan and Christopher P Muzzillo and Craig L Perkins and Andrew G Norman and James L Young and Nicolas Gaillard and Andriy Zakutayev}
}
@article {1152,
	title = {A mini-review on proton conduction of BaZrO 3 -based perovskite electrolytes},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Energy},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2021},
	month = {07},
	pages = {032019},
	keywords = {ceramics, dopant, electrolyte, electrolytic cell, energy conversion, fuel cell, hydration, interaction, mobility, oxide, proton, proton conduction},
	doi = {10.1088/2515-7655/ac12ab},
	author = {Vera, Clarita and Ding, Hanping and Peterson, David and Gibbons, William and Zhou, Meng and Ding, Dong}
}
@article {1120,
	title = {Outstanding Properties and Performance of CaTi0.5Mn0.5O3{\textendash}δ for Solar-Driven Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	journal = {Matter},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {688-708},
	keywords = {inorganic perovskite, oxygen non-stoichiometry, phase transition, solar fuel, thermo-kinetic limit, thermochemical hydrogen production, thermodynamic properties},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.11.016},
	author = {X. Qian and J. He and E. Mastronardo and B. Baldassarri and W. Yuan and C. Wolverton and S. M. Haile}
}
@article {1163,
	title = {Phase formation of manganese oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition},
	journal = {Mater. Adv.},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {303-309},
	abstract = {Manganese oxides have enabled a wide range of technologies including oxygen evolution catalysts, lithium ion batteries, and thermochemical water splitting. However, the variable oxidation state and rich polymorphism of manganese oxides make it difficult to find the processing conditions to target a particular phase of manganese oxide. Targeted synthesis requires a more complete understanding of the phase space and the impact of multiple processing variables on phase formation. Here, we demonstrate the impact of substrate temperature, total deposition pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, and target composition on the phase formation of manganese oxides grown using combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Thin films were deposited from a MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 target onto amorphous glass substrates with a continuously varied temperature provided by a combinatorial heater. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were used to determine the phases present in the samples. The oxygen partial pressure was found to be the critical factor determining phase formation, while the total pressure, target composition, and substrate temperature have smaller and more complex effects on phase formation. Comparing the results of this work to the published temperature{\textendash}pressure phase diagrams shows that the PLD thin films vary significantly from the expected equilibrium phases of either the bulk materials or nanoparticles. These results suggest that PLD provides a route to capture phases of manganese oxides at lower temperatures or higher oxygen pressures than those required for bulk synthesis or solution processing.},
	keywords = {Combinatorial, Manganese oxides, Pulsed laser deposition, STCH},
	doi = {10.1039/D0MA00417K},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00417K},
	author = {Garten, Lauren M. and Selvarasu, Praneetha and Perkins, John and Ginley, David and Zakutayev, Andriy}
}
@article {1164,
	title = {Regulation of Cathode Mass and Charge Transfer by Structural 3D Engineering for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell at 400 {\textdegree}C (Adv. Funct. Mater. 33/2021)},
	journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2170244},
	abstract = {3D Engineering In article number 2102907, Wei Wu, Meng Zhou, Dong Ding, and co-workers develop a 3D engineered cathode to enhance oxygen reduction reaction kinetics on a proton-conducting fuel cell at <600 {\textdegree}C. The results demonstrate remarkable cell performance at 400{\textendash}600 {\textdegree}C by effectively regulating the mass and charge transfer through the electrode and across the interface of electrolyte and electrode.},
	keywords = {3D engineering, charge transfer, mass transfer, oxygen reduction reaction, p-SOEC, protonic ceramic fuel cells},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202170244},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adfm.202170244},
	author = {Bian, Wenjuan and Wu, Wei and Gao, Yipeng and Gomez, Joshua Y. and Ding, Hanping and Tang, Wei and Zhou, Meng and Ding, Dong}
}
@article {1177,
	title = {Thin film growth effects on electrical conductivity in entropy stabilized oxides},
	journal = {Journal of the European Ceramic Society},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2617-2624},
	abstract = {Entropy stabilization has garnered significant attention as a new approach to designing novel materials. Much of the work in this area has focused on bulk ceramic processing, leaving entropy-stabilized thin films relatively under-explored. Following an extensive multi-variable investigation of polycrystalline (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O thin films deposited via pulsed laser deposition (PLD), it is shown here that substrate temperature and deposition pressure have strong and repeatable effects on film texture and lattice parameter. Further analysis shows that films deposited at lower temperatures and under lower oxygen chamber pressure are \~{}40{\texttimes} less electrically resistive than otherwise identical films grown at higher temperature and pressure. Annealing these films in an oxygen-rich environment increases their electrical resistivity to match that of the films grown at higher temperatures and pressures. Because of this, the electric conductivity is hypothesized to be the result of polaron hopping mediated by transition metal valence changes which compensate for oxygen off-stoichiometry.},
	keywords = {electrical conductivity, Entropy, oxide, Phase, Polycrystalline oxide thin films, Pulsed laser deposition, STCH, Thin film},
	issn = {0955-2219},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.021},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955221920309900},
	author = {V. Jacobson and D. Diercks and B. To and A. Zakutayev and G. Brennecka}
}
@article {1168,
	title = {Deconvolution of Water-Splitting on the Triple-Conducting Ruddlesden{\textendash}Popper-Phase Anode for Protonic Ceramic Electrolysis Cells},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PMID: 33079527},
	pages = {49574-49585},
	keywords = {atomic layer, proton conductors, relaxation time distribution, ruddlesden-popper phase, steam electrolysis, triple-conducting},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c12987},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12987},
	author = {Tian, Hanchen and Li, Wenyuan and Ma, Liang and Yang, Tao and Guan, Bo and Shi, Wangying and Kalapos, Thomas L. and Liu, Xingbo}
}
@article {1170,
	title = {Emergent Degradation Phenomena Demonstrated on Resilient, Flexible, and Scalable Integrated Photoelectrochemical Cells},
	journal = {Advanced Energy Materials},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2002706},
	abstract = {Abstract Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a pathway to generate sustainable clean fuels using the two most abundant resources on Earth: sunlight and water. Currently, most of the successful models of PEC cells are still fabricated on small scales near 1 cm2, which largely limits the mass deployment of solar-fuel production. Here, the scale-up to 8 cm2 of an integrated PEC (IPEC) device is demonstrated and its performance compared to a 1 cm2 IPEC cell, using state-of-the-art iridium and platinum catalysts with III{\textendash}V photoabsorbers. The initial photocurrents at 1 sun are 8 and 7 mA cm-2 with degradation rates of 0.60 and 0.47 mA cm-2 day-1, during unbiased operation for the 1 and 8 cm2 devices, respectively. Evaluating under outdoor and indoor conditions at two U.S. National Laboratories reveals similar results, evidencing the reproducibility of this design{\textquoteright}s performance. Furthermore, the emerging degradation mechanisms during scale-up are investigated and the knowledge gained from this work will provide feedback to the broader community, since PEC device durability is a limiting factor in its potential future deployment.},
	keywords = {durability, on-sun testing, PEC cell scale-up, reproducibility, water splitting},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002706},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aenm.202002706},
	author = {Kistler, Tobias A. and Zeng, Guosong and Young, James L. and Weng, Lien-Chun and Aldridge, Chase and Wyatt, Keenan and Steiner, Myles A. and Solorzano Jr., Oscar and Houle, Frances A. and Toma, Francesca M. and Weber, Adam Z. and Deutsch, Todd G. and Danilovic, Nemanja}
}
@article {1125,
	title = {Exploring Ca{\textendash}Ce{\textendash}M{\textendash}O (M = 3d Transition Metal) Oxide Perovskites for Solar Thermochemical Applications},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {9964-9982},
	keywords = {Perovskites, Theory-driven materials discovery},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02912},
	author = {G. Sai Gautam and E. B. Stechel and E. A. Carter}
}
@article {1126,
	title = {Favorable Redox Thermodynamics of SrTi0.5Mn0.5O3-δ in Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {9335-9346},
	keywords = {Cubic perovskite, Modeling, Perovskite, SrTi0.5Mn0.5O3-δ},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03278},
	author = {X. Qian and J. He and E. Mastronardo and B. Baldassarri and C. Wolverton and S. M. Haile}
}
@article {1122,
	title = {Improved Performance and Efficiency of Lanthanum{\textendash}Strontium{\textendash}Manganese Perovskites Undergoing Isothermal Redox Cycling under Controlled pH2O/pH2},
	journal = {Energy \& Fuels},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {16918-16926},
	keywords = {Experimental, Isothermal cycling, Perovskites},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02872},
	author = {K. Lee and D. C. McCord and R. J. Carrillo and B. Guyll and J. R. Scheffe}
}
@article {1173,
	title = {Interfacial Electromechanics Predicts Phase Behavior of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites},
	journal = {ACS Nano},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PMID: 32073821},
	pages = {3353-3364},
	keywords = {PEC; Perovskites; Modeling},
	doi = {10.1021/acsnano.9b09105},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b09105},
	author = {Price, Christopher C. and Blancon, Jean-Christophe and Mohite, Aditya D. and Shenoy, Vivek B.}
}
@article {1178,
	title = {Tungsten oxide-coated copper gallium selenide sustains long-term solar hydrogen evolution},
	journal = {Sustainable Energy \& Fuels},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12},
	keywords = {CuGaSe, durability, PEC, Photocathode, Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst, Tungsten oxide protective coating},
	doi = {10.1039/d0se00487a},
	author = {Palm, David W. and Muzzillo, Christopher P. and Ben-Naim, Micha and Khan, Imran and Gaillard, Nicolas and Jaramillo, Thomas F.}
}
@article {1180,
	title = {Water-Stable 1D Hybrid Tin(II) Iodide Emits Broad Light with 36\% Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PMID: 32283025},
	pages = {9028-9038},
	keywords = {Modeling, PEC, Perovskites},
	doi = {10.1021/jacs.0c03004},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c03004},
	author = {Spanopoulos, Ioannis and Hadar, Ido and Ke, Weijun and Guo, Peijun and Sidhik, Siraj and Kepenekian, Mika{\"e}l and Even, Jacky and Mohite, Aditya D. and Schaller, Richard D. and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.}
}
@article {1181,
	title = {Advancement of Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells at Idaho National Laboratory (INL)},
	journal = {ECS Transactions},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {1029{\textendash}1034},
	abstract = {Proton conducting ceramics have been considered as a strategic material system used in solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolysis cells for electricity generation and hydrogen production. The high proton conductivity of protonic electrolyte and rapid development of robust electrode materials have significantly promoted the reduction of feasible operating temperature to intermediate temperature range (400 600 {\textdegree}C), which can attribute to favorable technical and economic advantages when they are compared with conventional oxide-ion conducting electrolyte based solid oxide cell system. In the past few years, Idaho National Laboratory has been devoted to developing advanced electrolyte and electrode materials R\&D, diverse manufacturing capability, and expanding evaluation facility for these applications, aiming to further improve performance, stability and manufacturing cost. There are some remarkable accomplishments achieved on electrode engineering, electrolyte optimization, new material down-selection and large-scale cell fabrication in Idaho National Laboratory.},
	keywords = {BCZYYb7111, HTE, NiO-BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O3, Protonic conductor, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1149/09101.1029ecst},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/09101.1029ecst},
	author = {Hanping Ding and Wei Wu and Dong Ding}
}
@article {1182,
	title = {Conditions for stable operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells: oxygen electrode effects},
	journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {3053-3062},
	abstract = {Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) convert renewable electricity to fuels with efficiency substantially higher than other electrolysis technologies. However, questions remain regarding degradation mechanisms that limit SOEC long-term stability. One of the key degradation mechanisms is oxygen electrode delamination; although prior studies have improved the understanding of this mechanism, it is still difficult to predict how degradation depends on SOEC materials and operating conditions, i.e., temperature, voltage, and current density. Here we present a study aimed at developing a quantitative understanding of oxygen electrode delamination. Experimentally, a life test study of symmetric and full cells with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes and Gd-doped ceria (GDC) barrier layers was done with three different perovskite oxygen electrode materials. Fracture was observed at the perovskite{\textendash}GDC interface above a critical current density and below a critical operating temperature. A theory is presented that combines a calculation of the effective oxygen pressure across the electrolyte with an estimation of the pressure required for fracture. Fracture is correctly predicted for a critical oxygen partial pressure of \~{}7200 atm and an associated electrode overpotential of \~{}0.2 V, occurring at the electrode/GDC interface because of the relatively low perovskite fracture toughness. Damage at the GDC/YSZ interface was also observed in some cases and explained by a peak in the oxygen pressure at this interface.},
	keywords = {Gd-doped ceria, HTE, Perovskite, SOEC, Yttria-stabilized zirconia},
	doi = {10.1039/C9EE01664C},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9EE01664C},
	author = {Park, Beom-Kyeong and Zhang, Qian and Voorhees, Peter W. and Barnett, Scott A.}
}
@article {1183,
	title = {Direct Deposition of Crystalline Ta3N5 Thin Films on FTO for PEC Water Splitting},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {15457-15466},
	keywords = {ALD, CVD, FTO, PEC, Photoanode, Ta3N5, Tantalum nitride},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b21194},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b21194},
	author = {Hajibabaei, Hamed and Little, Daniel J. and Pandey, Ayush and Wang, Dunwei and Mi, Zetian and Hamann, Thomas W.}
}
@article {1185,
	title = {Ferritic stainless steel interconnects for protonic ceramic electrochemical cell stacks: Oxidation behavior and protective coatings},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {25297-25309},
	abstract = {Protonic ceramic fuel or electrolysis cells (PCFC/PCEC) have shown promising performance at intermediate temperatures. However, these technologies have not yet been demonstrated in a stack, hence the oxidation behavior of the metallic interconnect under relevant operating environments is unknown. In this work, ferritic stainless steels 430 SS, 441 SS, and Crofer 22 APU were investigated for their use as interconnect materials in the PCFC/PCEC stack. The bare metal sheets were exposed to a humidified air environment in the temperature range from 450~{\textdegree}C to 650~{\textdegree}C, to simulate their application in a PCFC cathode or PCEC anode. Breakaway oxidation with rapid weight gain and Fe outward diffusion/oxidation was observed on all the selected stainless steel materials. A protective coating is deemed necessary to prevent the metallic interconnect from oxidizing. To mitigate the observed breakaway oxidation, state-of-the-art protective coatings, Y2O3, Ce0.02Mn1.49Co1.49O4, CuMn1.8O4 and Ce/Co, were applied to the stainless steel sheets and their oxidation resistance was investigated. Dual atmosphere testing further validated the effectiveness of the protective coatings in realistic PCFC/PCEC environments, with a hydrogen gradient across the interconnect. Several combinations of metal and coating material were found to be viable for use as the interconnect for PCFC/PCEC stacks.},
	keywords = {Dual atmosphere, Interconnect oxidation, Oxidation, Protective coatings, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cell, Protonic ceramic fuel cell},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.041},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319919329581},
	author = {Ruofan Wang and Zhihao Sun and Jung-Pyung Choi and Soumendra N. Basu and Jeffry W. Stevenson and Michael C. Tucker}
}
@article {1186,
	title = {High performance III-V photoelectrodes for solar water splitting via synergistically tailored structure and stoichiometry},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {3388},
	keywords = {Ammonium sulfide surface passivation, Antireflection, Density graded surface, GaInP2, III-V, PEC, Photocathode},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-11351-1},
	author = {Lim, Haneol and Young, James L. and Geisz, John F. and Friedman, Daniel J. and Deutsch, Todd G. and Yoon, Jongseung}
}
@article {1187,
	title = {Interfacial engineering of gallium indium phosphide photoelectrodes for hydrogen evolution with precious metal and non-precious metal based catalysts},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {16821-16832},
	abstract = {Gallium indium phosphide (GaInP2) is a semiconductor with promising optical and electronic properties to serve as the large bandgap, top junction in a dual absorber tandem solar water splitting device. Poor intrinsic catalytic ability and surface corrosion in aqueous electrolyte remain key obstacles. Significant progress has been made developing thin-film protection layers and active catalysts for photoelectrochemical devices, but combining these into a catalytic protection layer that can provide long-term stability without sacrificing performance has proven difficult due, in large part, to challenges in developing active and stable interfaces. In this work, we demonstrate that a nanoscale molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film functions both as an effective protection layer and excellent hydrogen evolution catalyst for GaInP2 photocathodes, with only a \~{}10\% loss in initial light-limited current density after 100 h, and a photocurrent onset potential better than that of the same state-of-the-art device with a platinum{\textendash}ruthenium catalyst. Using transient photoreflectance spectroscopy, we probed the carrier dynamics of these photocathodes and show that the MoS2 coated device exhibits improved electron transfer at the surface interface compared to the PtRu catalyzed device. These MoS2 protected devices are among the most active and stable single-absorber photocathodes for solar water splitting to date and offer a promising pathway towards generating hydrogen with high efficiency and significant longevity.},
	keywords = {durability, GaInP2, III-V, MoS2 hydrogen evolution catalyst, MoS2 protective coating, PEC, Photocathode},
	doi = {10.1039/C9TA05247J},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA05247J},
	author = {Britto, Reuben J. and Young, James L. and Yang, Ye and Steiner, Myles A. and LaFehr, David T. and Friedman, Daniel J. and Beard, Mathew and Deutsch, Todd G. and Jaramillo, Thomas F.}
}
@article {1188,
	title = {Long-term stability studies of a semiconductor photoelectrode in three-electrode configuration},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {27612-27619},
	abstract = {Improving the stability of semiconductor materials is one of the major challenges for sustainable and economic photoelectrochemical water splitting. N-terminated GaN nanostructures have emerged as a practical protective layer for conventional high efficiency but unstable Si and III{\textendash}V photoelectrodes due to their near-perfect conduction band-alignment, which enables efficient extraction of photo-generated electrons, and N-terminated surfaces, which protects against chemical and photo-corrosion. Here, we demonstrate that Pt-decorated GaN nanostructures on an n+{\textendash}p Si photocathode can exhibit an ultrahigh stability of 3000 h (i.e., over 500 days for usable sunlight \~{}5.5 h per day) at a large photocurrent density (>35 mA cm-2) in three-electrode configuration under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. The measured applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 11.9\%, with an excellent onset potential of \~{}0.56 V vs. RHE, is one of the highest values reported for a Si photocathode under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. This study provides a paradigm shift for the design and development of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting: stability is no longer limited by the light absorber, but rather by co-catalyst particles.},
	keywords = {durability, GaN nanowires, PEC, Photocathode, Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst, Silicon},
	doi = {10.1039/C9TA09926C},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA09926C},
	author = {Vanka, Srinivas and Sun, Kai and Zeng, Guosong and Pham, Tuan Anh and Toma, Francesca Maria and Ogitsu, Tadashi and Mi, Zetian}
}
@article {1190,
	title = {Photoelectrochemical water splitting using strain-balanced multiple quantum well photovoltaic cells},
	journal = {Sustainable Energy Fuels},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2837-2844},
	abstract = {Starting from the classical GaInP/GaAs tandem photoelectrochemical water splitting device, higher solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies can be pursued by extending photon absorption to longer wavelengths. We incorporate strain-balanced GaInAs/GaAsP quantum wells into the bottom GaAs junction, to increase the range of photon absorption. The inclusion of 1.34 eV quantum wells in the depletion region of the bottom cell extends the absorption edge to 930 nm. With a corresponding increase in the thickness of the top cell for current matching, the light-limiting photocurrent increases by >8\%. The estimated solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is 13.6 {\textpm} 0.5\%, and we show a pathway to further improvement. With the semiconductor device remaining on the growth substrate, this quantum well architecture may enable improved stability and durability of the photoelectrochemical electrodes.},
	keywords = {durability, National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), PEC, photoelectrochemical water splitting},
	doi = {10.1039/C9SE00276F},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9SE00276F},
	author = {Steiner, Myles A. and Barraugh, Collin D. and Aldridge, Chase W. and Alvarez, Isabel Barraza and Friedman, Daniel J. and Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J. and Deutsch, Todd G. and Young, James L.}
}
@article {1192,
	title = {Stable Unassisted Solar Water Splitting on Semiconductor Photocathodes Protected by Multifunctional GaN Nanostructures},
	journal = {ACS Energy Letters},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1541-1548},
	keywords = {durability, GaAs, GaInP2, GaN nanowires, Ge, III-V, PEC, Photocathode, Unbiased water splitting},
	doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00549},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00549},
	author = {Wang, Yongjie and Schwartz, Jonathan and Gim, Jiseok and Hovden, Robert and Mi, Zetian}
}
@article {1193,
	title = {Synergistic Coupling of Proton Conductors BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ and La2Ce2O7 to Create Chemical Stable, Interface Active Electrolyte for Steam Electrolysis Cells},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {18323-18330},
	keywords = {BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ, durability, HTE, La2Ce2O7, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cell, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b00303},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00303},
	author = {Li, Wenyuan and Guan, Bo and Ma, Liang and Tian, Hanchen and Liu, Xingbo}
}
@article {1194,
	title = {Transition Metal Arsenide Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction},
	journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {24007-24012},
	keywords = {Arsenide catalyst, CoAs, Hydrogen evolution catalyst, MoAs, Modeling, PEC},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05738},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05738},
	author = {Gauthier, Joseph A. and King, Laurie A. and Stults, Faith Tucker and Flores, Raul A. and Kibsgaard, Jakob and Regmi, Yagya N. and Chan, Karen and Jaramillo, Thomas F.}
}
@article {1195,
	title = {High performing triple-conductive Pr2NiO4+δ anode for proton-conducting steam solid oxide electrolysis cell },
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {18057-18066},
	abstract = {The development of proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells for the intermediate-temperature range application is largely hindered by the limited choice of adequate anode materials. In this study, the popular solid oxide fuel cell cathode material Pr2NiO4+δ (PNO) is investigated as the anode for the electrolysis cell, considering its proton-conducting ability. The introduction of protons into the PNO lattice is confirmed through insertion-induced conductivity variation measurements. Good chemical compatibility is verified between PNO and BaZr0.2Ce0.6Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY) proton-conducting electrolyte. Excellent catalytic activity towards water splitting is observed for the PNO{\textendash}BZCY composite anode, 0.52 Ω cm2 for 550 {\textdegree}C, 0.057 Ω cm2 for 700 {\textdegree}C. The water-splitting process is disclosed by impedance spectroscopy measured under different conditions. Due to proton conduction in PNO, the PNO surface is activated for electrochemical reactions. The non-charge transfer processes account little to the electrode resistance. The performance of the PNO{\textendash}BZCY anode is determined by two charge transfer processes whose kinetics are governed the electrolyzing potential. This charge transfer-limiting nature is relatively benign since the electrode resistance has been found to exponentially reduce with increasing overpotential. Cathode-supported Ni{\textendash}BZCY//BZCY//PNO{\textendash}BZCY thin film electrolyte single cells are fabricated and characterized. \~{}95\% current efficiency is confirmed. At 700 {\textdegree}C, a current density of 977 mA cm-2 is achieved at a 1.3 V electrolyzing potential, e.g. 0.37 V overpotential, which is one of the best performances of proton-conducting steam electrolysis cells so far. The PNO{\textendash}BZCY anode accounts only for 16\% of the overall polarization resistance at 700 {\textdegree}C. These findings prove that the triple-conductive PNO is a promising anode material for proton-based steam electrolysis cells.},
	keywords = {BaZr0.2Ce0.6Y0.2O3-δ, HTE, Pr2NiO4+δ, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1039/C8TA04018D},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8TA04018D},
	author = {Li, Wenyuan and Guan, Bo and Ma, Liang and Hu, Shanshan and Zhang, Nan and Liu, Xingbo}
}
@article {1135,
	title = {Best Practices in Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency Measurements. Avoiding the Error of Making Bad Cells Look Good},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {03},
	pages = {852-857},
	keywords = {additive engineering, encapsulation, Perovskite, perovskite defects, perovskite degradation, perovskite solar cell, perovskite solar cell stability},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00289},
	author = {Christians, Jeffrey and Manser, Joseph and Kamat, Prashant}
}
@article {1134,
	title = {Assessing the Oxidative Stability of Anion Exchange Membranes in Oxygen Saturated Aqueous Alkaline Solutions},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {10},
	month = {2022},
	keywords = {anion exchange membrane, conductivity, electrolysis, protocol and guidelines, stability},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2022.871851},
	author = {Arges, Christopher G. and Ramani, Vijay and Wang, Zhongyang and Ouimet, Ryan J.}
}
