@article {1136,
	title = {Comprehensive Evaluation for Protective Coatings: Optical, Electrical, Photoelectrochemical, and Spectroscopic Characterizations},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022},
	abstract = {Numerous efficient semiconductors suffer from instability in aqueous electrolytes. Strategies utilizing protective coatings have thus been developed to protect these photoabsorbers against corrosion while synergistically improving charge separation and reaction kinetics. Recently, various photoelectrochemical (PEC) protective coatings have been reported with suitable electronic properties to ensure low charge transport loss and reveal the fundamental photoabsorber efficiency. However, protocols for studying the critical figures of merit for protective coatings have yet to be established. For this reason, we propose four criteria for evaluating the performance of a protective coating for PEC water-splitting: stability, conductivity, optical transparency, and energetic matching. We then propose a flow chart that summarizes the recommended testing protocols for quantifying these four performance metrics. In particular, we lay out the stepwise testing protocols to evaluate the energetics matching at a semiconductor/coating/(catalyst)/liquid interface. Finally, we provide an outlook for the future benchmarking needs for coatings.},
	keywords = {coating, energetics, performance evaluation, performance metrics, spectroscopy},
	issn = {2296-598X},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.799776},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.799776},
	author = {Shen, Xin and Yanagi, Rito and Solanki, Devan and Su, Haoqing and Li, Zhaohan and Xiang, Cheng-Xiang and Hu, Shu}
}
@article {1139,
	title = {Electrode optimization for efficient hydrogen production using an SO2-depolarized electrolysis cell},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {14180-14185},
	abstract = {The hybrid sulfur (HyS) cycle offers an alternative route to hydrogen and sulfuric acid production using the SO2-depolarized electrolysis (SDE) cell. This work reports the most efficient SDE operation to date at high sulfuric acid concentrations (\~{}60~wt\%) achieved through the optimization of operating conditions and cell components. We observed that open porosity in the porous transport media (PTM) plays a significant role in SDE performance as it enables efficient acid removal from the catalyst layer. The combination of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components, such as Sulfonated Diels Alder Poly (phenylene) (SDAPP) membranes and electrodes prepared using SGL 29BC PTM, and operating conditions (103.4 kPagauge at 125~{\textdegree}C) yielded electrolysis potentials <700~mV at 500~mA/cm2 and acid concentrations >60~wt\%.},
	keywords = {Catalysis, electrolysis, High pressure, Hybrid sulfur cycle, Hydrogen generation, Sulfur dioxide},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.166},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319922007807},
	author = {H{\'e}ctor R. Col{\'o}n-Mercado and Scott A. Mauger and Maximilian B. Gorensek and Cy H. Fujimoto and Aaron A. Lando and Prabhu Ganesan and Benjamin H. Meekins and Noah D. Meeks}
}
@article {1140,
	title = {Formation of 6H-Ba3Ce0.75Mn2.25O9 During Thermochemical Reduction of 12R-Ba4CeMn3O12: Identification of a Polytype in the Ba(Ce,Mn)O3 Family},
	journal = {Inorganic Chemistry},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2022},
	month = {4},
	keywords = {analytical chemistry, inorganic, layered perovskite, organic, oxide, physical, polytype, STCH, thermochemistry},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00282},
	author = {Strange, Nicholas A. and Park, James Eujin and Goyal, Anuj and Bell, Robert T. and Trindell, Jamie A. and Sugar, Joshua D. and Stone, Kevin H. and Coker, Eric N. and Lany, Stephan and Shulda, Sarah and Ginley, David S.}
}
@article {1141,
	title = {High-performance SO2-depolarized electrolysis cell using advanced polymer electrolyte membranes},
	journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {57-68},
	abstract = {Three different proton conducting polymeric membrane materials (Nafion{\textregistered} 115, Nafion{\textregistered} 212, and sulfonated Diels-Alder polyphenylene [SDAPP]) were evaluated for use in SO2-depolarized electrolyzers for the production of hydrogen via the hybrid sulfur cycle. Their performance was measured using different water feed strategies to minimize overpotential losses while maintaining high product acid concentration. Both thin membranes (Nafion{\textregistered} 212 and SDAPP) showed performance superior to that of the thicker Nafion{\textregistered} 115. The SDAPP membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performed well at higher acid concentrations, maintaining low ohmic and kinetic overpotentials. Finally, short-term (100-h) stability tests under constant current conditions showed minimal degradation for the SDAPP and Nafion{\textregistered} 212 MEAs. SDAPP MEA performance approached the targets needed to make the hybrid sulfur cycle a competitive process for hydrogen production (product acid concentration >=65~wt\% H2SO4 at~<=~0.6-V cell potential and >=0.5 A-cm-2 current density).},
	keywords = {Hybrid sulfur (HyS) process, Hydrogen production, Sulfonated diels-alder polyphenylene (SDAPP), Sulfur dioxide-depolarized electrolyzer (SDE), Sulfuric acid production},
	issn = {0360-3199},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.019},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921039343},
	author = {H{\'e}ctor R. Col{\'o}n-Mercado and Maximilian B. Gorensek and Cy H. Fujimoto and Aaron A. Lando and Benjamin H. Meekins}
}
@article {1145,
	title = {Operational Limits of Redox Metal Oxides Performing Thermochemical Water Splitting},
	journal = {Energy Technology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {2100222},
	abstract = {Solar thermochemical hydrogen production is an attractive technology that stores intermittent solar energy in the form of chemical bonds. Efficient operation requires the identification of a redox-active metal oxide (MOx) material that can achieve high conversion of water to hydrogen at minimal energy input. Water splitting occurs by consecutive reduction and reoxidation reactions of MOx. MOx is reduced to MOx-δ and, in the second step, is reoxidized by water recovering the initial MOx and generate H2. The material must reduce at temperatures achievable in concentrated solar receiver/reactors, while maintaining a thermodynamic driving force to split water. At equilibrium, extent of reduction depends on temperature and oxygen partial pressure, and in this analysis, a set of thermodynamic properties, namely, enthalpy and entropy of oxygen vacancy formation, is sufficient to represent MOx. Herein, a method to easily classify materials based on these thermodynamic properties under any condition of oxygen partial pressure and temperature is presented. This method is based on fundamental thermodynamic principles and is applicable for any redox material with known thermodynamic properties. Despite the simplicity of the method, it is believed that this analysis will support future research in targeting thermodynamic properties of redox-active metal oxides.},
	keywords = {Hydrogen production, solar energy, thermochemical cycles, thermodynamic properties, water splitting},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202100222},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ente.202100222},
	author = {Bayon, Alicia and de la Calle, Alberto and Stechel, Ellen B. and Muhich, Christopher}
}
@article {1146,
	title = {Predicting Oxygen Off-Stoichiometry and Hydrogen Incorporation in Complex Perovskite Oxides},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {510-518},
	keywords = {charge transfer resistance, Hydrogen Incorporation, Oxygen evolution reaction, Perovskite, Perovskite Oxides, Stoichiometry},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765},
	author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Deml, Ann M. and Papac, Meagan and Zakutayev, Andriy and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan and Holder, Aaron M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Stevanovi{\'c}, Vladan}
}
@article {1147,
	title = {Redox Defect Thermochemistry of FeAl2O4 Hercynite in Water Splitting from First-Principles Methods},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {519-528},
	keywords = {concentrated solar, Hercynite, hydrogen lcroduction, Perovskite, Redox Defect, screening, thermochemistry, thermogravimetry, water splitting},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01049},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01049},
	author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Clary, Jacob M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Lany, Stephan}
}
@article {1149,
	title = {Spatially resolved performance and degradation in a perfluorinated anion exchange membrane fuel cell},
	journal = {Electrochimica Acta},
	volume = {406},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {139812},
	abstract = {Anion exchange membrane fuel cells may enable future operation with non-precious metal-based catalysts. These systems have a delicate sensitivity to operating conditions such as humidification levels and the presence of CO2 in the air oxidant stream. We present spatially resolved in-situ performance results that shed light on phenomena that are unique to anion exchange membrane fuel cells. For cell construction, a highly conductive perfluorinated anion exchange polymer was used as the membrane and the material in powder form as the ionomer. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of humidification, fuel/oxidant concentration, and carbonation effects on the performance and its distribution in the cell. The results indicated that (i) dry conditions at the cathode have a stronger effect than at the anode on overall cell performance, (ii) performance significantly suffered when humidification was below 90\%, (iii) fuel and oxidant dilution effects lead mass-transport losses and were stronger than flow rate effects, (iv) CO2 in the cathode feed stream creates an equilibration disparity between the inlet and outlet sections and CO2 purging is affected by flooding conditions, and (v) after >500~h of operation, performance deteriorates predominantly at the inlet.},
	keywords = {2+1D fuel cell model, Anion Exchange membranes, Cathode dry-out, CO poisoning, Fuel cell durability, Mass transport limitations, Segmented fuel cell},
	issn = {0013-4686},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139812},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468621020958},
	author = {Ashutosh G. Divekar and Michael R. Gerhardt and Christopher M. Antunes and Luigi Osmieri and Ami C. Yang-Neyerlin and Adam Z. Weber and Bryan S. Pivovar and Guido Bender and Andrew M. Herring}
}
@article {1150,
	title = {System and technoeconomic analysis of solar thermochemical hydrogen production},
	journal = {Renewable Energy},
	volume = {190},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {294-308},
	abstract = {Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can be obtained from various feedstocks using renewable energy sources. Direct solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production by water splitting can utilize the full spectrum of solar radiation and has the potential to achieve high solar energy conversion efficiencies. Currently STCH research areas focus on material discovery. This paper evaluates the performance of various STCH materials in the context of a system platform to assess techno-economic benefits and gaps in the path to STCH scale-up. To analyze the hydrogen production cost, a concentrating solar thermal (CST) system is introduced as a platform for integrating STCH materials and accommodating generalized thermochemical processes. The thermochemical process is based on a two-step STCH cycle using metal oxide that consists of a high temperature step for metal oxide reduction, followed by an oxidation step for water splitting at a lower temperature. A preferred configuration is to have the high temperature step occurring in a directly irradiated solar receiver reactor. To this end, we conceptualized a receiver design and associated solar field layout and investigated STCH operational boundaries, component costs and sensitivity parameters on the $2/kgH2 goal of hydrogen production. The study explored system-related variables and factors associated with scaling up. The CST platform allows more comprehensive studies that encompass aspects of STCH materials and systems such as cost, hydrogen productivity and replacement frequency, alongside other system components like heliostat field, tower, and potential receiver costs.},
	keywords = {H2A analysis, Hydrogen production, Solar receiver, Solar thermochemical hydrogen production, Technoeconomic analysis, water splitting},
	issn = {0960-1481},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.108},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148122003925},
	author = {Zhiwen Ma and Patrick Davenport and Genevieve Saur}
}
@article {1133,
	title = {A Thermogravimetric Temperature-Programmed Thermal Redox Protocol for Rapid Screening of Metal Oxides for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04},
	pages = {856943},
	keywords = {concentrated solar, hydrogen lcroduction, Perovskite, screening, thermogravimetry, water splitting},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2022.856943},
	author = {Sanders, Michael and Bergeson-Keller, Anyka and Coker, Eric and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan}
}
@article {1154,
	title = {Effect of Nanoscale Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ Infiltrant and Steam Content on Ni{\textendash}(Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92 Fuel Electrode Degradation during High-Temperature Electrolysis},
	journal = {Nano Letters},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2021},
	note = {PMID: 34606281},
	pages = {8363-8369},
	keywords = {degredation, duel electrode, infiltration, solid oxide electrolysis cell},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02937},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02937},
	author = {Park, Beom-Kyeong and Cox, Dalton and Barnett, Scott A.}
}
@article {1155,
	title = {Elucidating the Role of Hydroxide Electrolyte on Anion-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance},
	journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
	volume = {168},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05/2021},
	pages = {054522},
	abstract = {Many solid-state devices, especially those requiring anion conduction, often add a supporting electrolyte to enable efficient operation. The prototypical case is that of anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs), where addition of an alkali metal solution improves performance. However, the specific mechanism of this performance improvement is currently unknown. This work investigates the functionality of the alkali metal solution in AEMWEs using experiments and mathematical models. The results show that additional hydroxide plays a key role not only in ohmic resistance of the membrane and catalyst layer but also in the reaction kinetics. The modeling suggests that the added liquid electrolyte creates an additional electrochemical interface with the electrocatalyst that provides ion-transport pathways and distributes product gas bubbles; the total effective electrochemical active surface area in the cell with 1 M KOH is 5 times higher than that of the cell with DI water. In the cell with 1 M KOH, more than 80\% of the reaction current is associate with the liquid electrolyte. These results indicate the importance of high pH of electrolyte and catalyst/electrolyte interface in AEMWEs. The understanding of the functionality of the alkali metal solution presented in this study should help guide the design and optimization of AEMWEs.},
	keywords = {alkali metal solutions, anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers, Energy Sciences, energy storage, liquid electrolyte, solid-state devices},
	issn = {0013-4651},
	doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0019},
	author = {Jiangjin Liu and Zhenye Kang and Dongguo Li and Magnolia Pak and Shaun M. Alia and Cy Fujimoto and Guido Bender and Yu Seung Kim and Adam Z. Weber}
}
@article {1158,
	title = {Influence of Supporting Electrolyte on Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Performance: Anolyte},
	journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
	volume = {168},
	year = {2021},
	month = {08/2021},
	pages = {084512},
	abstract = {Hydroxide-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is an emerging hydrogen-production pathway that combines many advantages of incumbent alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Advancement in HEMWE has been accelerated with the development of stable and conductive hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) and a more comprehensive understanding of alkaline gas-evolving kinetics. However, performance and durability without supporting electrolytes (SELs) remain inferior to PEMWE and AWE and little is known about the role and impact of the SELs. This study investigates the effects of SELs used as anolyte solutions in HEMWEs including cation-type, anion-type, SEL conductivity and pH, presence of carbonates and increased cation/OH- ratios on cell voltage and stability. We report our findings that (i) cell potential and high-frequency resistance did not correlate with anolyte SEL conductivity, (ii) cation-type influences cell voltage at low current densities (<50 mA cm-2) as predicted by half-cell measurements, (iii) increased cation/OH- ratio causes increased overpotentials, and (iv) carbonates are exchanged in the HEM but removed via self-purging at high current density. Overall, this study concludes that concentrated KOH is still the best SEL.},
	keywords = {hydrogen production pathway, Hydroxide exchange membrane, incumbent alkaline, proton exchange membrane, supporting electrolytes, water electrolysis},
	doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac1dcd},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac1dcd},
	author = {Aleksandr Kiessling and Julie C. Fornaciari and Grace Anderson and Xiong Peng and Andreas Gerstmayr and Michael R. Gerhardt and Samuel McKinney and Alexey Serov and Yu Seung Kim and Barr Zulevi and Adam Z. Weber and Nemanja Danilovic}
}
@article {1160,
	title = {Modeling Electrokinetics of Oxygen Electrodes in Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells},
	journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
	volume = {168},
	year = {2021},
	month = {11/2021},
	pages = {114510},
	abstract = {A microscale model is presented in this study to simulate electrode kinetics of the oxygen electrode in a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC). Two mixed ionic/electronic conducting structures are examined for the oxygen producing electrode in this work: single layer porous lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), and bilayer LSCF/SCT (strontium cobalt tantalum oxide) structures. A yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte separates the hydrogen and oxygen electrodes, as well as a gadolinium doped-ceria (GDC) buffer layer on the oxygen electrode side. Electrochemical reactions occurring at the two-phase boundaries (2PBs) and three-phase boundaries (3PBs) of single-layer LSCF and bilayer LSCF/SCT oxygen electrodes are modeled under various SOEC voltages with lattice oxygen stoichiometry as the key output. The results reveal that there exists a competition in electrode kinetics between 2PBs and 3PBs, but 3PBs are the primary reactive sites for single-layer LSCF oxygen electrode under high voltages. These locations experience the greatest oxygen stoichiometry variations and are therefore the most likely locations for dimensional changes. By applying an active SCT layer over LSCF, the 2PBs become activated to compete with the 3PBs, thus alleviating oxygen stoichiometry variations and reducing the likelihood of dimensional change. This strategy could reduce lattice structural expansion, proving to be valuable for electrode-electrolyte delamination prevention and will be the focus of future work.},
	keywords = {Barium zirconate, Defect transport, electrode-electrolyte delamination prevention, Faradaic efficiency, lattice oxygen stoichiometry, microscale model, o-SOEC, oxygen electrode, solid oxide electrolyzer cell},
	doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac35fc},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac35fc},
	author = {Korey Cook and Jacob Wrubel and Zhiwen Ma and Kevin Huang and Xinfang Jin}
}
@article {1120,
	title = {Outstanding Properties and Performance of CaTi0.5Mn0.5O3{\textendash}δ for Solar-Driven Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	journal = {Matter},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {688-708},
	keywords = {inorganic perovskite, oxygen non-stoichiometry, phase transition, solar fuel, thermo-kinetic limit, thermochemical hydrogen production, thermodynamic properties},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.11.016},
	author = {X. Qian and J. He and E. Mastronardo and B. Baldassarri and W. Yuan and C. Wolverton and S. M. Haile}
}
@article {1166,
	title = {The oxygen partial pressure in solid oxide electrolysis cells with multilayer electrolytes},
	journal = {Acta Materialia},
	volume = {213},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {116928},
	abstract = {A number of degradation mechanisms have been observed during the long-term operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC). Using an electrolyte charge carrier transport model and a diffuse interface treatment for a multilayer electrolytes, we quantify the oxygen potentials across the electrolyte and thereby provide insights into these degradation mechanisms. Our model describes the transport of charge carriers in the electrolyte when the oxygen partial pressure is extremely low by accounting for the spatial variation of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the electrolyte which is closely related to the degradation of the SOEC near the interface of hydrogen electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, we identify four quantities that characterize the distribution of oxygen partial pressure in the electrolyte, which are directly related to the degradation mechanisms in the electrolyte as well, and give analytical estimates for them. These analytical expressions provide guidance on the parameters that need to be controlled to suppress the degradation observed in the electrolyte.},
	keywords = {Diffuse interface model, Multilayer electrolyte, Oxygen partial pressure, solid oxide electrolysis cell},
	issn = {1359-6454},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116928},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645421003086},
	author = {Qian Zhang and Qin-Yuan Liu and Beom-Kyeong Park and Scott Barnett and Peter Voorhees}
}
@article {1162,
	title = {Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Solar Thermochemical Fuel Processes and Reactors},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2021},
	abstract = {Concentrated solar energy offers a source for renewable high-temperature process heat that can be used to efficiently drive endothermic chemical processes, converting the entire spectrum of solar radiation into chemical energy. In particular, solar-driven thermochemical processes for the production of fuels include reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons, gasification of biomass, coal, and other carbonaceous feedstock, and metal oxide redox cycles for splitting H2O and CO2. A notable issue in the development of these processes and their associated solar reactors is the lack of consistent reporting methods for experimental demonstrations and modelling studies, which complicates the benchmarking of the corresponding technologies. In this work we formulate dimensionless performance indicators based on mass and energy balances of such reacting systems, namely: energy efficiency, conversion extent, selectivity, and yield. Examples are outlined for the generic processes mention above. We then provide guidelines for reporting on such processes and reactors and suggest performance benchmarking on four key criteria: energy efficiency, conversion extent, product selectivity, and performance stability.},
	keywords = {benchmarking, concentrated solar power, solar fuels and chemicals, solar reactors, thermochemical processes},
	issn = {2296-598X},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.677980},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.677980},
	author = {Bulfin, Brendan and Miranda, Miguel and Steinfeld, Aldo}
}
@article {1163,
	title = {Phase formation of manganese oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition},
	journal = {Mater. Adv.},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {303-309},
	abstract = {Manganese oxides have enabled a wide range of technologies including oxygen evolution catalysts, lithium ion batteries, and thermochemical water splitting. However, the variable oxidation state and rich polymorphism of manganese oxides make it difficult to find the processing conditions to target a particular phase of manganese oxide. Targeted synthesis requires a more complete understanding of the phase space and the impact of multiple processing variables on phase formation. Here, we demonstrate the impact of substrate temperature, total deposition pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, and target composition on the phase formation of manganese oxides grown using combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Thin films were deposited from a MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 target onto amorphous glass substrates with a continuously varied temperature provided by a combinatorial heater. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were used to determine the phases present in the samples. The oxygen partial pressure was found to be the critical factor determining phase formation, while the total pressure, target composition, and substrate temperature have smaller and more complex effects on phase formation. Comparing the results of this work to the published temperature{\textendash}pressure phase diagrams shows that the PLD thin films vary significantly from the expected equilibrium phases of either the bulk materials or nanoparticles. These results suggest that PLD provides a route to capture phases of manganese oxides at lower temperatures or higher oxygen pressures than those required for bulk synthesis or solution processing.},
	keywords = {Combinatorial, Manganese oxides, Pulsed laser deposition, STCH},
	doi = {10.1039/D0MA00417K},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00417K},
	author = {Garten, Lauren M. and Selvarasu, Praneetha and Perkins, John and Ginley, David and Zakutayev, Andriy}
}
@article {1165,
	title = {Scaleup and manufacturability of symmetric-structured metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells},
	journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
	volume = {489},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {229439},
	abstract = {Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with symmetric architecture, having metal supports on both sides of the cell, are scaled up from button cell size to large 50~cm2 active area cell size. The cells remain flat after sintering assisted by the symmetric structure. Equivalent performance is achieved for button cells and large cells, and thermal cycling and redox cycling tolerance are demonstrated for the large cells. The catalyst infiltration process is improved to enable high-throughput manufacturing. The cumbersome lab-scale molten nitrate infiltration process is replaced with a room-temperature process in which a shelf-stable aqueous solution of nitrate salts is applied to the cell by spraying, painting, or other scalable techniques. A fast-ramp thermal conversion of the nitrate salts to the final oxide catalyst composition is implemented, allowing many infiltration cycles to be accomplished in a single work shift. Increasing the number of infiltration cycles from 5 to 10 led to an increase in peak power density from approximately 0.3 to 0.52~W~cm-2.},
	keywords = {infiltration, Metal-supported, Scale up, SOFC},
	issn = {0378-7753},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229439},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775320317225},
	author = {Emir Dogdibegovic and Yuan Cheng and Fengyu Shen and Ruofan Wang and Boxun Hu and Michael C. Tucker}
}
@article {1177,
	title = {Thin film growth effects on electrical conductivity in entropy stabilized oxides},
	journal = {Journal of the European Ceramic Society},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2617-2624},
	abstract = {Entropy stabilization has garnered significant attention as a new approach to designing novel materials. Much of the work in this area has focused on bulk ceramic processing, leaving entropy-stabilized thin films relatively under-explored. Following an extensive multi-variable investigation of polycrystalline (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O thin films deposited via pulsed laser deposition (PLD), it is shown here that substrate temperature and deposition pressure have strong and repeatable effects on film texture and lattice parameter. Further analysis shows that films deposited at lower temperatures and under lower oxygen chamber pressure are \~{}40{\texttimes} less electrically resistive than otherwise identical films grown at higher temperature and pressure. Annealing these films in an oxygen-rich environment increases their electrical resistivity to match that of the films grown at higher temperatures and pressures. Because of this, the electric conductivity is hypothesized to be the result of polaron hopping mediated by transition metal valence changes which compensate for oxygen off-stoichiometry.},
	keywords = {electrical conductivity, Entropy, oxide, Phase, Polycrystalline oxide thin films, Pulsed laser deposition, STCH, Thin film},
	issn = {0955-2219},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.021},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955221920309900},
	author = {V. Jacobson and D. Diercks and B. To and A. Zakutayev and G. Brennecka}
}
@article {1127,
	title = {CeTi2O6{\textemdash}A Promising Oxide for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {21521-21527},
	keywords = {brannerite structure, Cerium based oxides, CeTi2O6, high thermal stability, large entropy of reduction, small reduction enthalpy},
	doi = {CeTi2O6{\textemdash}A Promising Oxide for Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen Production},
	author = {S. S. Naghavi and J. He and C. Wolverton}
}
@article {1168,
	title = {Deconvolution of Water-Splitting on the Triple-Conducting Ruddlesden{\textendash}Popper-Phase Anode for Protonic Ceramic Electrolysis Cells},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PMID: 33079527},
	pages = {49574-49585},
	keywords = {atomic layer, proton conductors, relaxation time distribution, ruddlesden-popper phase, steam electrolysis, triple-conducting},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c12987},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12987},
	author = {Tian, Hanchen and Li, Wenyuan and Ma, Liang and Yang, Tao and Guan, Bo and Shi, Wangying and Kalapos, Thomas L. and Liu, Xingbo}
}
@article {1169,
	title = {Degradation of solid oxide electrolysis cells: Phenomena, mechanisms, and emerging mitigation strategies{\textemdash}A review},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Science \& Technology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2020},
	note = {SI: Energy Conversion \& Storage Materials Design, Fabrication and Functionality},
	pages = {35-55},
	abstract = {Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a promising electrochemical device with high efficiency for energy storage and conversion. However, the degradation of SOEC is a significant barrier to commercial viability. In this review paper, the typical degradation phenomena of SOEC are summarized, with great attention into the anodes/oxygen electrodes, including the commonly used and newly developed anode materials. Meanwhile, mechanistic investigations on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces are provided to unveil how the intrinsic factor, oxygen partial pressure pO2, and the electrochemical operation conditions, affect the interfacial stability of SOEC. At last, this paper also presents some emerging mitigation strategies to circumvent long-term degradation, which include novel infiltration method, development of new anode materials and engineering of the microstructure.},
	keywords = {Degradation, Electrode/electrolyte interface, Mitigation, solid oxide electrolysis cell, Strategy},
	issn = {1005-0302},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.07.026},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1005030219302464},
	author = {Yi Wang and Wenyuan Li and Liang Ma and Wei Li and Xingbo Liu}
}
@article {1126,
	title = {Favorable Redox Thermodynamics of SrTi0.5Mn0.5O3-δ in Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {9335-9346},
	keywords = {Cubic perovskite, Modeling, Perovskite, SrTi0.5Mn0.5O3-δ},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03278},
	author = {X. Qian and J. He and E. Mastronardo and B. Baldassarri and C. Wolverton and S. M. Haile}
}
@article {1129,
	title = {A First-Principles-Based Sub-Lattice Formalism for Predicting Off-Stoichiometry in Materials for Solar Thermochemical Applications: The Example of Ceria},
	journal = {Advanced Theory and Simulations},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {off-stoichiometric materials, sub-lattice models, thermodynamic modeling},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.202000112},
	author = {G. Sai Gautam and E. B. Stechel and E. A. Carter}
}
@article {1128,
	title = {Oxidation Kinetics of Hercynite Spinels for Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production},
	journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
	volume = {401},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {Hercynite, In situ XPS, Reaction kinetics, Solar thermal, Thermochemical analysis},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126015},
	author = {S. L. Millican and I. Androshchuk and J. T. Tran and R. M. Trottier and A. Bayon and Y. Al Salik and H. Idriss and C. B. Musgrave and A. W. Weimer}
}
@article {1123,
	title = {Predicting Spinel Disorder and Its Effect on Oxygen Transport Kinetics in Hercynite},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {23831-23843},
	keywords = {Hercynite, Spinel},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c02819},
	author = {R. M. Trottier and Z. J. L. Bare and S. L. Millican and C. B. Musgrave}
}
@article {1181,
	title = {Advancement of Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells at Idaho National Laboratory (INL)},
	journal = {ECS Transactions},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {1029{\textendash}1034},
	abstract = {Proton conducting ceramics have been considered as a strategic material system used in solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide electrolysis cells for electricity generation and hydrogen production. The high proton conductivity of protonic electrolyte and rapid development of robust electrode materials have significantly promoted the reduction of feasible operating temperature to intermediate temperature range (400 600 {\textdegree}C), which can attribute to favorable technical and economic advantages when they are compared with conventional oxide-ion conducting electrolyte based solid oxide cell system. In the past few years, Idaho National Laboratory has been devoted to developing advanced electrolyte and electrode materials R\&D, diverse manufacturing capability, and expanding evaluation facility for these applications, aiming to further improve performance, stability and manufacturing cost. There are some remarkable accomplishments achieved on electrode engineering, electrolyte optimization, new material down-selection and large-scale cell fabrication in Idaho National Laboratory.},
	keywords = {BCZYYb7111, HTE, NiO-BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O3, Protonic conductor, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1149/09101.1029ecst},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/09101.1029ecst},
	author = {Hanping Ding and Wei Wu and Dong Ding}
}
@article {1182,
	title = {Conditions for stable operation of solid oxide electrolysis cells: oxygen electrode effects},
	journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {3053-3062},
	abstract = {Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) convert renewable electricity to fuels with efficiency substantially higher than other electrolysis technologies. However, questions remain regarding degradation mechanisms that limit SOEC long-term stability. One of the key degradation mechanisms is oxygen electrode delamination; although prior studies have improved the understanding of this mechanism, it is still difficult to predict how degradation depends on SOEC materials and operating conditions, i.e., temperature, voltage, and current density. Here we present a study aimed at developing a quantitative understanding of oxygen electrode delamination. Experimentally, a life test study of symmetric and full cells with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes and Gd-doped ceria (GDC) barrier layers was done with three different perovskite oxygen electrode materials. Fracture was observed at the perovskite{\textendash}GDC interface above a critical current density and below a critical operating temperature. A theory is presented that combines a calculation of the effective oxygen pressure across the electrolyte with an estimation of the pressure required for fracture. Fracture is correctly predicted for a critical oxygen partial pressure of \~{}7200 atm and an associated electrode overpotential of \~{}0.2 V, occurring at the electrode/GDC interface because of the relatively low perovskite fracture toughness. Damage at the GDC/YSZ interface was also observed in some cases and explained by a peak in the oxygen pressure at this interface.},
	keywords = {Gd-doped ceria, HTE, Perovskite, SOEC, Yttria-stabilized zirconia},
	doi = {10.1039/C9EE01664C},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9EE01664C},
	author = {Park, Beom-Kyeong and Zhang, Qian and Voorhees, Peter W. and Barnett, Scott A.}
}
@article {1184,
	title = {Effect of direct-current operation on the electrochemical performance and structural evolution of Ni-YSZ electrodes},
	journal = {Journal of Physics: Energy},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2019},
	month = {12/2019},
	pages = {014006},
	abstract = {The effect of electrolysis operations on Ni-YSZ fuel electrode stability was studied at different current densities and fuel mixtures during 1000 h life tests. For a typical electrolysis mixture of 50\% H2/50\% H2O and 0.6 A cm-2 current density, cell ohmic resistance values were reasonably stable and no structural changes occurred. However, for more reducing conditions (97\% H2/3\% H2O), increasing the current density above 0.4 A cm-2 increased the ohmic resistance accompanied by significant electrolyte degradation including fracture and void formation at grain boundaries. Numerical analysis was carried out to determine the effective oxygen partial pressure across the electrolyte. The results show that the oxygen partial pressure values at high current density and low steam content may be low enough to reduce zirconia to form a Ni-Zr alloy product, initiating the observed electrolyte structural degradation.},
	keywords = {durability, HTE, SOEC, Yttria-stabilized zirconia},
	doi = {10.1088/2515-7655/ab59a6},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab59a6},
	author = {Qinyuan Liu and Qian Zhang and Peter W Voorhees and Scott A Barnett}
}
@article {1188,
	title = {Long-term stability studies of a semiconductor photoelectrode in three-electrode configuration},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {27612-27619},
	abstract = {Improving the stability of semiconductor materials is one of the major challenges for sustainable and economic photoelectrochemical water splitting. N-terminated GaN nanostructures have emerged as a practical protective layer for conventional high efficiency but unstable Si and III{\textendash}V photoelectrodes due to their near-perfect conduction band-alignment, which enables efficient extraction of photo-generated electrons, and N-terminated surfaces, which protects against chemical and photo-corrosion. Here, we demonstrate that Pt-decorated GaN nanostructures on an n+{\textendash}p Si photocathode can exhibit an ultrahigh stability of 3000 h (i.e., over 500 days for usable sunlight \~{}5.5 h per day) at a large photocurrent density (>35 mA cm-2) in three-electrode configuration under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. The measured applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 11.9\%, with an excellent onset potential of \~{}0.56 V vs. RHE, is one of the highest values reported for a Si photocathode under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. This study provides a paradigm shift for the design and development of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting: stability is no longer limited by the light absorber, but rather by co-catalyst particles.},
	keywords = {durability, GaN nanowires, PEC, Photocathode, Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst, Silicon},
	doi = {10.1039/C9TA09926C},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA09926C},
	author = {Vanka, Srinivas and Sun, Kai and Zeng, Guosong and Pham, Tuan Anh and Toma, Francesca Maria and Ogitsu, Tadashi and Mi, Zetian}
}
@article {1189,
	title = {Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis},
	journal = {Energy Technology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1801154},
	abstract = {High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a promising hydrogen production technology and has attracted substantial research attention over the last decade. While most studies are conducted on hydrogen electrode-supported type cells, SOEC operation using metal-supported cells has received minimal attention. The development of metal-supported SOECs with performance similar to the best conventional SOECs is reported. These cells have stainless steel supports on both sides, 10Sc1CeSZ electrolyte and electrode backbones, and nano-structured catalysts infiltrated on both hydrogen and oxygen electrode sides. Samarium-doped ceria (SDC) mixed with Ni is infiltrated as a hydrogen electrode catalyst, and the effect of ceria:Ni ratio is studied. On the oxygen electrode side, catalysts including lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), and their composite catalysts with SDC (i.e., LSM-SDC, LSCF-SDC, and Pr6O11-SDC) are compared. Using the materials with highest catalytic activity (Pr6O11-SDC and SDC40-Ni60) and optimizing the catalyst infiltration processes, excellent electrolysis performance of metal-supported cells is achieved. Current densities of -5.31, -4.09, -2.64, and -1.62 A cm-2 are achieved at 1.3 V and 50 vol\% steam content at 800, 750, 700, and 650 {\textdegree}C, respectively.},
	keywords = {high-temperature steam electrolysis, Hydrogen production, infiltration, solid oxide electrolysis, solid oxide electrolyzer cells},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201801154},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ente.201801154},
	author = {Wang, Ruofan and Dogdibegovic, Emir and Lau, Grace Y. and Tucker, Michael C.}
}
@article {1191,
	title = {Progress in Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers with Symmetric Metal Supports and Infiltrated Electrodes},
	journal = {ECS Transactions},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {877{\textendash}885},
	abstract = {The LBNL metal-supported solid oxide cell architecture contains zirconia electrolyte and porous backbones co-sintered between porous stainless steel supports. Advantages of this design include low-cost structural materials, mechanical ruggedness, excellent tolerance to redox cycling, and extremely fast start-up capability. With infiltrated catalysts, high performance is also achieved: 1.5 W/cm2 with hydrogen fuel and 1.3 W/cm2 with internal reforming of ethanol fuel at 700 {\textdegree}C; 2.6 A/cm2 electrolysis current density at 1.3V and 50\% steam/50\% hydrogen at 700{\textdegree}C. Recent approaches to mitigating catalyst coarsening and Cr deposition within the cathode stabilize the microstructure during operation. The degradation rate is improved to 2.3\% kh-1 at 700{\textdegree}C in fuel cell mode. Electrolysis operation, however, results in higher degradation rate. Preliminary effort to fabricate metal-supported cells with proton conducting electrolyte is successful for La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, and specific challenges for BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ electrolyte are determined.},
	keywords = {BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ electrolyte, HTE, La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1149/09101.0877ecst},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/09101.0877ecst},
	author = {Emir Dogdibegovic and Fengyu Shen and Ruofan Wang and Ian Robinson and Grace Y Lau and Michael C Tucker}
}
@article {1193,
	title = {Synergistic Coupling of Proton Conductors BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ and La2Ce2O7 to Create Chemical Stable, Interface Active Electrolyte for Steam Electrolysis Cells},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {18323-18330},
	keywords = {BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ, durability, HTE, La2Ce2O7, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cell, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b00303},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00303},
	author = {Li, Wenyuan and Guan, Bo and Ma, Liang and Tian, Hanchen and Liu, Xingbo}
}
@article {1195,
	title = {High performing triple-conductive Pr2NiO4+δ anode for proton-conducting steam solid oxide electrolysis cell },
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {18057-18066},
	abstract = {The development of proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells for the intermediate-temperature range application is largely hindered by the limited choice of adequate anode materials. In this study, the popular solid oxide fuel cell cathode material Pr2NiO4+δ (PNO) is investigated as the anode for the electrolysis cell, considering its proton-conducting ability. The introduction of protons into the PNO lattice is confirmed through insertion-induced conductivity variation measurements. Good chemical compatibility is verified between PNO and BaZr0.2Ce0.6Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY) proton-conducting electrolyte. Excellent catalytic activity towards water splitting is observed for the PNO{\textendash}BZCY composite anode, 0.52 Ω cm2 for 550 {\textdegree}C, 0.057 Ω cm2 for 700 {\textdegree}C. The water-splitting process is disclosed by impedance spectroscopy measured under different conditions. Due to proton conduction in PNO, the PNO surface is activated for electrochemical reactions. The non-charge transfer processes account little to the electrode resistance. The performance of the PNO{\textendash}BZCY anode is determined by two charge transfer processes whose kinetics are governed the electrolyzing potential. This charge transfer-limiting nature is relatively benign since the electrode resistance has been found to exponentially reduce with increasing overpotential. Cathode-supported Ni{\textendash}BZCY//BZCY//PNO{\textendash}BZCY thin film electrolyte single cells are fabricated and characterized. \~{}95\% current efficiency is confirmed. At 700 {\textdegree}C, a current density of 977 mA cm-2 is achieved at a 1.3 V electrolyzing potential, e.g. 0.37 V overpotential, which is one of the best performances of proton-conducting steam electrolysis cells so far. The PNO{\textendash}BZCY anode accounts only for 16\% of the overall polarization resistance at 700 {\textdegree}C. These findings prove that the triple-conductive PNO is a promising anode material for proton-based steam electrolysis cells.},
	keywords = {BaZr0.2Ce0.6Y0.2O3-δ, HTE, Pr2NiO4+δ, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, SOEC},
	doi = {10.1039/C8TA04018D},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8TA04018D},
	author = {Li, Wenyuan and Guan, Bo and Ma, Liang and Hu, Shanshan and Zhang, Nan and Liu, Xingbo}
}
@article {1134,
	title = {Assessing the Oxidative Stability of Anion Exchange Membranes in Oxygen Saturated Aqueous Alkaline Solutions},
	journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},
	volume = {10},
	month = {2022},
	keywords = {anion exchange membrane, conductivity, electrolysis, protocol and guidelines, stability},
	doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2022.871851},
	author = {Arges, Christopher G. and Ramani, Vijay and Wang, Zhongyang and Ouimet, Ryan J.}
}
