@article {751,
	title = {Defect engineering by synchrotron radiation X-rays in CeO2 nanocrystals},
	journal = {Journal of Synchrotron Radiation},
	volume = {25},
	note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright}
{\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}
},
	pages = {1395-1399},
	abstract = {This work reports an unconventional defect engineering approach using synchrotron-radiation-based X-rays on ceria nanocrystal catalysts of particle sizes 4.4-10.6nm. The generation of a large number of oxygen-vacancy defects (OVDs), and therefore an effective reduction of cations, has been found in CeO2 catalytic materials bombarded by high-intensity synchrotron X-ray beams of beam size 1.5mmx0.5mm, photon energies of 5.5-7.8keV and photon fluxes up to 1.53x10(12) photons s(-1). The experimentally observed cation reduction was theoretically explained by a first-principles formation-energy calculation for oxygen vacancy defects. The results clearly indicate that OVD formation is mainly a result of X-ray-excited core holes that give rise to valence holes through electron down conversion in the material. Thermal annealing and subvalent Y-doping were also employed to modulate the efficiency of oxygen escape, providing extra control on the X-ray-induced OVD generating process. Both the core-hole-dominated bond breaking and oxygen escape mechanisms play pivotal roles for efficient OVD formation. This X-ray irradiation approach, as an alternative defect engineering method, can be applied to a wide variety of nanostructured materials for physical-property modification.},
	issn = {1600-5775},
	doi = {10.1107/S1600577518008184},
	author = {Tai-Sing Wu and Leng-You Syu and Shih-Chang Weng and Horng-Tay Jeng and Shih-Lin Chang and Yun-Liang Soo}
}
