@article {1159, title = {Layer-structured triple-conducting electrocatalyst for water-splitting in protonic ceramic electrolysis cells: Conductivities vs. activity}, journal = {Journal of Power Sources}, volume = {495}, year = {2021}, pages = {229764}, abstract = {Electron, proton and oxygen-triple-conducting materials are becoming the dominant steam electrode candidate to break the rate limit on the water-splitting reaction that throttles the performance of protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). In this study, based on Pr2NiO4+δ Ruddlesden-Popper phase, we manipulate these conductivities by Pr-site Ba substitution to probe the correlation of each conductivity with the kinetics of the elementary reaction steps. It is found that the proton conductivity is vital to sustain an extended active surface area for faster adsorption of reactants and desorption of products. The effect of oxygen conductivity is surprisingly found insignificant in the water-splitting reaction. On the contrary, surface oxygen removal is discovered as the most rate-limiting process. The electronic conductivity is not a direct limiting factor. However, an electron transfer process between the current collector and the electrode junction could introduce extra resistance that is perceptible at a high operating temperature range. The best water-splitting activity is obtained on a proton conductivity/oxygen surface desorption capability well-balanced sample after Ba substitution. As a result, a water-splitting reaction resistance of 0.022 Ωcm2, a current density of 1.96 A/cm2 at 700~{\textdegree}C is achieved on Pr1.7Ba0.3NiO4+δ, one of the best performances for PCECs.}, keywords = {Hydrogen generation, Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, Ruddlesden-popper phase, Triple-conducting electrocatalyst, Water-splitting}, issn = {0378-7753}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229764}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775321003050}, author = {Wenyuan Li and Bo Guan and Tao Yang and Zhongqiu Li and Wangying Shi and Hanchen Tian and Liang Ma and Thomas L. Kalapos and Xingbo Liu} } @article {1188, title = {Long-term stability studies of a semiconductor photoelectrode in three-electrode configuration}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {27612-27619}, abstract = {Improving the stability of semiconductor materials is one of the major challenges for sustainable and economic photoelectrochemical water splitting. N-terminated GaN nanostructures have emerged as a practical protective layer for conventional high efficiency but unstable Si and III{\textendash}V photoelectrodes due to their near-perfect conduction band-alignment, which enables efficient extraction of photo-generated electrons, and N-terminated surfaces, which protects against chemical and photo-corrosion. Here, we demonstrate that Pt-decorated GaN nanostructures on an n+{\textendash}p Si photocathode can exhibit an ultrahigh stability of 3000 h (i.e., over 500 days for usable sunlight \~{}5.5 h per day) at a large photocurrent density (>35 mA cm-2) in three-electrode configuration under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. The measured applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 11.9\%, with an excellent onset potential of \~{}0.56 V vs. RHE, is one of the highest values reported for a Si photocathode under AM 1.5G one-sun illumination. This study provides a paradigm shift for the design and development of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting: stability is no longer limited by the light absorber, but rather by co-catalyst particles.}, keywords = {durability, GaN nanowires, PEC, Photocathode, Pt hydrogen evolution catalyst, Silicon}, doi = {10.1039/C9TA09926C}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA09926C}, author = {Vanka, Srinivas and Sun, Kai and Zeng, Guosong and Pham, Tuan Anh and Toma, Francesca Maria and Ogitsu, Tadashi and Mi, Zetian} } @article {798, title = {Low-Cost, Efficient, and Durable H2 Production by Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with CuGa3Se5 Photocathodes}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, note = {

{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n\ \n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright}

}, pages = {19573-19579}, abstract = {

Published on June 13th, 2018. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an elegant method of converting sunlight and water into H2 fuel. To be commercially advantageous, PEC devices must become cheaper, more efficient, and much more durable. This work examines low-cost polycrystalline chalcopyrite films, which are successful as photovoltaic absorbers, for application as PEC absorbers. In particular, Cu{\textendash}Ga{\textendash}Se films with wide band gaps can be employed as top cell photocathodes in tandem devices as a realistic route to high efficiencies. In this report, we demonstrate that decreasing Cu/Ga composition from 0.66 to 0.31 in Cu{\textendash}Ga{\textendash}Se films increased the band gap from 1.67 to 1.86 eV and decreased saturated photocurrent density from 18 to 8 mA/cm2 as measured by chopped-light current{\textendash}voltage (CLIV) measurements in a 0.5 M sulfuric acid electrolyte. Buffer and catalyst surface treatments were not applied to the Cu{\textendash}Ga{\textendash}Se films, and they exhibited promising stability, evidenced by unchanged CLIV after 9 months of storage in air. Finally, films with Cu/Ga = 0.36 (approximately stoichiometric CuGa3Se5) and 1.86 eV band gaps had exceptional durability and continuously split water for 17 days (\~{}12 mA/cm2 at -1 V vs RHE). This is equivalent to \~{}17\ 200 C/cm2, which is a world record for any polycrystalline PEC absorber. These results indicate that CuGa3Se5 films are prime candidates for cheaply achieving efficient and durable PEC water splitting.

}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.8b01447}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b01447}, author = {Christopher P. Muzzillo and W. Ellis Klein and Zhen Li and Alexander Daniel DeAngelis and Kimberly Horsley and Kai Zhu and Nicolas Gaillard} } @article {835, title = {Low-temperature, manganese oxide-based, thermochemical water splitting cycle}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {109}, year = {2012}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {9260{\textendash}9264}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/109/24/9260.short}, author = {Bingjun Xu and Yashodhan Bhawe and Mark E. Davis} } @article {934, title = {Lanthanum{\textendash}strontium{\textendash}manganese perovskites as redox materials for solar thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2}, journal = {Energy \& Fuels}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {130304073847002}, issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029}, doi = {10.1021/ef301923h}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef301923h}, author = {Jonathan R. Scheffe and David Weibel and Aldo Steinfeld} } @article {1022, title = {Long-time anodisation of titanium in sulphuric acid}, journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology}, volume = {202}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1379-1384}, abstract = {The long-time behaviour of CP titanium in 1~M H2SO4 has been investigated. The authors revealed electrochemical behaviour during the long-time chrono-amperometric experiments. The ex-situ observations (EIS, ellipsometry, SEM and optical microscopy) brought out information concerning morphological changes of the surface as well as the change in the oxide thickness during the anodic oxidation process. From the obtained data, the authors developed a hypothesis describing the potentiostatic anodisation of titanium at voltages (up to 15~V) in 1~M H2SO4 with respect to time of anodisation.}, issn = {0257-8972}, doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.027}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0257897207006676}, author = {D. Capek and M. -P. Gigandet and M. Masmoudi and M. Wery and O. Banakh} } @article {1010, title = {Low-Cost and Durable Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {44035}, abstract = {Cost reduction and high efficiency are the mayor challenges for sustainable H2 production via proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Titanium-based components such as bipolar plates (BPP) have the largest contribution to the capital cost. This work proposes the use of stainless steel BPPs coated with Nb and Ti by magnetron sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD) and vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), respectively. The physical properties of the coatings are thoroughly characterized by scanning electron, atomic force microscopies (SEM, AFM); and X-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopies (XRD, XPS). The Ti coating (50 μm) protects the stainless steel substrate against corrosion, while a 50-fold thinner layer of Nb decreases the contact resistance by almost one order of magnitude. The Nb/Ti-coated stainless steel bipolar BPPs endure the harsh environment of the anode for more than 1000 h of operation under nominal conditions, showing a potential use in PEM electrolyzers for large-scale H2 production from renewables.}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep44035}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44035}, author = {P. Lettenmeier and R. Wang and R. Abouatallah and B. Saruhan and O. Freitag and P. Gazdzicki and T. Morawietz and R. Hiesgen and A. S. Gago and K. A. Friedrich} } @article {958, title = {Low-temperature reducibility of MxCe1{\textendash}xO2(M = Zr, Hf) under hydrogen atmosphere}, journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C}, volume = {120}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {118-125}, issn = {1932-7447, 1932-7455}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10796}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10796}, author = {Alexander Bonk and Arndt Remhof and Annika C. Maier and Matthias Trottmann and Meike V. F. Schlupp and Corsin Battaglia and Ulrich F. Vogt} }