@article {1146, title = {Predicting Oxygen Off-Stoichiometry and Hydrogen Incorporation in Complex Perovskite Oxides}, journal = {Chemistry of Materials}, volume = {34}, year = {2022}, pages = {510-518}, keywords = {charge transfer resistance, Hydrogen Incorporation, Oxygen evolution reaction, Perovskite, Perovskite Oxides, Stoichiometry}, doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04765}, author = {Millican, Samantha L. and Deml, Ann M. and Papac, Meagan and Zakutayev, Andriy and O{\textquoteright}Hayre, Ryan and Holder, Aaron M. and Musgrave, Charles B. and Stevanovi{\'c}, Vladan} } @article {1113, title = {Performance and Durability of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers Using Down-Selected Polymer Electrolytes}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, year = {2021}, pages = {22670-22683}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA06869E}, author = {A. R. Motz and D. Li and A. Keane and L. D. Manriquez and E. J. Park and S. Maurya and H. Chung and C. Fujimoto and J. Jeon and M. K. Pagels and C. Bae and K. E. Ayers and Y. S. Kim} } @article {1116, title = {Performance and Limits of 2.0 eV Bandgap CuInGaS2 Solar Absorber Integrated With CdS Buffer on F:SnO2 Substrate for Multijunction Photovoltaic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Devices}, volume = {2}, year = {2021}, pages = {5752-5763}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00570G}, author = {N. Gaillard and W. Septina and J. Varley and T. Ogitsu and K. K. Ohtaki and H. A. Ishii and J. P. Bradley and C. Muzzillo and K. Zhu and F. Babbe and J. Cooper} } @article {1162, title = {Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Solar Thermochemical Fuel Processes and Reactors}, journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Concentrated solar energy offers a source for renewable high-temperature process heat that can be used to efficiently drive endothermic chemical processes, converting the entire spectrum of solar radiation into chemical energy. In particular, solar-driven thermochemical processes for the production of fuels include reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons, gasification of biomass, coal, and other carbonaceous feedstock, and metal oxide redox cycles for splitting H2O and CO2. A notable issue in the development of these processes and their associated solar reactors is the lack of consistent reporting methods for experimental demonstrations and modelling studies, which complicates the benchmarking of the corresponding technologies. In this work we formulate dimensionless performance indicators based on mass and energy balances of such reacting systems, namely: energy efficiency, conversion extent, selectivity, and yield. Examples are outlined for the generic processes mention above. We then provide guidelines for reporting on such processes and reactors and suggest performance benchmarking on four key criteria: energy efficiency, conversion extent, product selectivity, and performance stability.}, keywords = {benchmarking, concentrated solar power, solar fuels and chemicals, solar reactors, thermochemical processes}, issn = {2296-598X}, doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.677980}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2021.677980}, author = {Bulfin, Brendan and Miranda, Miguel and Steinfeld, Aldo} } @article {1163, title = {Phase formation of manganese oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition}, journal = {Mater. Adv.}, volume = {2}, year = {2021}, pages = {303-309}, abstract = {Manganese oxides have enabled a wide range of technologies including oxygen evolution catalysts, lithium ion batteries, and thermochemical water splitting. However, the variable oxidation state and rich polymorphism of manganese oxides make it difficult to find the processing conditions to target a particular phase of manganese oxide. Targeted synthesis requires a more complete understanding of the phase space and the impact of multiple processing variables on phase formation. Here, we demonstrate the impact of substrate temperature, total deposition pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, and target composition on the phase formation of manganese oxides grown using combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Thin films were deposited from a MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 target onto amorphous glass substrates with a continuously varied temperature provided by a combinatorial heater. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were used to determine the phases present in the samples. The oxygen partial pressure was found to be the critical factor determining phase formation, while the total pressure, target composition, and substrate temperature have smaller and more complex effects on phase formation. Comparing the results of this work to the published temperature{\textendash}pressure phase diagrams shows that the PLD thin films vary significantly from the expected equilibrium phases of either the bulk materials or nanoparticles. These results suggest that PLD provides a route to capture phases of manganese oxides at lower temperatures or higher oxygen pressures than those required for bulk synthesis or solution processing.}, keywords = {Combinatorial, Manganese oxides, Pulsed laser deposition, STCH}, doi = {10.1039/D0MA00417K}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00417K}, author = {Garten, Lauren M. and Selvarasu, Praneetha and Perkins, John and Ginley, David and Zakutayev, Andriy} } @article {1123, title = {Predicting Spinel Disorder and Its Effect on Oxygen Transport Kinetics in Hercynite}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, pages = {23831-23843}, keywords = {Hercynite, Spinel}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c02819}, author = {R. M. Trottier and Z. J. L. Bare and S. L. Millican and C. B. Musgrave} } @article {1075, title = {Phase Identification of the Layered Perovskite CexSr2{\textendash}xMnO4 and Application for Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting}, journal = {Inorganic Chemistry}, volume = {58}, year = {2019}, pages = {7705-7714}, abstract = {

Published on June 17th, 2019. Ruddlesden{\textendash}Popper (layered perovskite) phases are attracting significant interest because of their unique potential for many applications requiring mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. Here we report a new, previously undiscovered layered perovskite of composition, CexSr2{\textendash}xMnO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this new system is suitable for solar thermochemical hydrogen production (STCH). Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are performed to characterize this new system. Density functional theory calculations of phase stability and oxygen vacancy formation energy (1.76, 2.24, and 2.66 eV/O atom, respectively with increasing Ce content) reinforce the potential of this phase for STCH application. Experimental hydrogen production results show that this materials system produces 2{\textendash}3 times more hydrogen than the benchmark STCH oxide ceria at a reduction temperature of 1400 {\textdegree}C and an oxidation temperature of 1000 {\textdegree}C.

}, issn = {0020-1669}, doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03487}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03487}, author = {Debora R. Barcellos and Francisco G. Coury and Antoine Emery and Michael Sanders and Jianhua Tong and Anthony McDaniel and Christopher Wolverton and Michael Kaufman and Ryan O{\textquoteright}Hayre} } @article {704, title = {Phenyl Oxidation Impacts the Durability of Alkaline Membrane Water Electrolyzer}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {9696-9701}, abstract = {Published on March 13th, 2019. The durability of alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers is a critical requirement for implementing this technology in cost-effective hydrogen production. Here, we report that the electrochemical oxidation of the adsorbed phenyl group (found in the ionomer) on oxygen evolution catalysts produces phenol, which may cause performance deterioration in AEM electrolyzers. In-line 1H NMR kinetic analyses of phenyl oxidation in a model organic cation electrolyte shows that catalyst type significantly impacts the phenyl oxidation rate at an oxygen evolution potential. Density functional theory calculations show that the phenyl adsorption is a critical factor determining the phenyl oxidation. This research provides a path for the development of more durable AEM electrolyzers with components that can minimize the adverse impact induced by the phenyl group oxidation, such as the development of novel ionomers with fewer phenyl moieties or catalysts with less phenyl-adsorbing character.}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b00711}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00711}, author = {Dongguo Li and Ivana Matanovic and Albert S. Lee and Eun Joo Park and Cy Fujimoto and Hoon T. Chung and Yu Seung Kim} } @article {1190, title = {Photoelectrochemical water splitting using strain-balanced multiple quantum well photovoltaic cells}, journal = {Sustainable Energy Fuels}, volume = {3}, year = {2019}, pages = {2837-2844}, abstract = {Starting from the classical GaInP/GaAs tandem photoelectrochemical water splitting device, higher solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies can be pursued by extending photon absorption to longer wavelengths. We incorporate strain-balanced GaInAs/GaAsP quantum wells into the bottom GaAs junction, to increase the range of photon absorption. The inclusion of 1.34 eV quantum wells in the depletion region of the bottom cell extends the absorption edge to 930 nm. With a corresponding increase in the thickness of the top cell for current matching, the light-limiting photocurrent increases by >8\%. The estimated solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is 13.6 {\textpm} 0.5\%, and we show a pathway to further improvement. With the semiconductor device remaining on the growth substrate, this quantum well architecture may enable improved stability and durability of the photoelectrochemical electrodes.}, keywords = {durability, National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), PEC, photoelectrochemical water splitting}, doi = {10.1039/C9SE00276F}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9SE00276F}, author = {Steiner, Myles A. and Barraugh, Collin D. and Aldridge, Chase W. and Alvarez, Isabel Barraza and Friedman, Daniel J. and Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J. and Deutsch, Todd G. and Young, James L.} } @article {1191, title = {Progress in Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers with Symmetric Metal Supports and Infiltrated Electrodes}, journal = {ECS Transactions}, volume = {91}, year = {2019}, month = {07/2019}, pages = {877{\textendash}885}, abstract = {The LBNL metal-supported solid oxide cell architecture contains zirconia electrolyte and porous backbones co-sintered between porous stainless steel supports. Advantages of this design include low-cost structural materials, mechanical ruggedness, excellent tolerance to redox cycling, and extremely fast start-up capability. With infiltrated catalysts, high performance is also achieved: 1.5 W/cm2 with hydrogen fuel and 1.3 W/cm2 with internal reforming of ethanol fuel at 700 {\textdegree}C; 2.6 A/cm2 electrolysis current density at 1.3V and 50\% steam/50\% hydrogen at 700{\textdegree}C. Recent approaches to mitigating catalyst coarsening and Cr deposition within the cathode stabilize the microstructure during operation. The degradation rate is improved to 2.3\% kh-1 at 700{\textdegree}C in fuel cell mode. Electrolysis operation, however, results in higher degradation rate. Preliminary effort to fabricate metal-supported cells with proton conducting electrolyte is successful for La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, and specific challenges for BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ electrolyte are determined.}, keywords = {BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ electrolyte, HTE, La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, SOEC}, doi = {10.1149/09101.0877ecst}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1149/09101.0877ecst}, author = {Emir Dogdibegovic and Fengyu Shen and Ruofan Wang and Ian Robinson and Grace Y Lau and Michael C Tucker} } @article {1069, title = {Performance enhancement of PEM electrolyzers through iridium-coated titanium porous transport layers}, journal = {Electrochemistry Communications}, volume = {97}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {96-99}, abstract = {

Published on December 1st, 2018. Titanium-based porous transport layers (PTL) used in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers suffer from surface passivation (titanium oxidation), which increases the interface resistance between the PTL and electrode. For long-term operation, PTLs are typically coated with considerable amounts of platinum or gold to ensure reasonable performance profiles over time. Moreover, it is well known that the oxide forms of platinum and gold are not stable under electrolysis conditions. In this study, an easy and scalable method is introduced to protect the titanium PTL from passivation by sputtering very thin layers of iridium onto commercially-available titanium PTLs. The iridium layer reduces the overall ohmic resistance of the PTL/catalyst layer interface and improves the cell{\textquoteright}s performance to that achieved with carbon-based PTLs. The coating process homogeneously deposited iridium throughout the inner structure of the PTL. The findings of this study may lead to the use of iridium as a protective layer for titanium PTLs, potentially enable operation at increased cell voltages and lead to increased electrolyzer durability.

}, issn = {1388-2481}, doi = {10.1016/j.elecom.2018.10.021}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248118302741}, author = {Chang Liu and Marcelo Carmo and Guido Bender and Andreas Everwand and Thomas Lickert and James L. Young and Tom Smolinka and Detlef Stolten and Werner Lehnert} } @article {1079, title = {A photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system for unassisted high efficiency overall pure water splitting}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, pages = {1707}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04067-1}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04067-1}, author = {Faqrul A. Chowdhury and Michel L. Trudeau and Hong Guo and Zetian Mi} } @article {1076, title = {Physical descriptor for the Gibbs energy of inorganic crystalline solids and temperature-dependent materials chemistry}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, month = {10/2018}, pages = {4168}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06682-4}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06682-4}, author = {Christopher J. Bartel and Samantha L. Millican and Ann M. Deml and John R. Rumptz and William Tumas and Alan W. Weimer and Stephan Lany and Vladan Stevanovi{\'c} and Charles B. Musgrave and Aaron M. Holder} } @article {980, title = {Perovskite oxides {\textendash} a review on a versatile material class for solar-to-fuel conversion processes}, journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {11983-12000}, issn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496}, doi = {10.1039/C7TA00987A}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA00987A}, author = {Markus Kubicek and Alexander H. Bork and Jennifer L. M. Rupp} } @article {822, title = {A piezomicrobalance system for high-temperature mass relaxation characterization of metal oxides: A case study of Pr-doped ceria}, journal = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society}, volume = {100}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1161-1171}, abstract = {Published in March 2017.}, issn = {00027820}, doi = {10.1111/jace.14652}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jace.14652}, author = {Philipp Simons and Ho-Il Ji and Timothy C. Davenport and Sossina M. Haile} } @article {759, title = {Point defects in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe): Resonant X-ray diffraction study of the low-temperature order/disorder transition}, journal = {physica status solidi (b)}, volume = {254}, year = {2017}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {1700156}, abstract = {The interest in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS) for photovoltaic applications is motivated by similarities to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 while being comprised of non-toxic and earth abundant elements. However, CZTS suffers from a Voc deficit, where the Voc is much lower than expected based on the band gap, which may be the result of a high concentration of point-defects in the CZTS lattice. Recently, reports have observed a low-temperature order/disorder transition by Raman and optical spectroscopies in CZTS films and is reported to describe the ordering of Cu and Zn atoms in the CZTS crystal structure. To directly determine the level of Cu/Zn ordering, we have used resonant-XRD, a site, and element specific probe of long range order. We used CZTSe films annealed just below and quenched from just above the transition temperature; based on previous work, the Cu and Zn should be ordered and highly disordered, respectively. Our data show that there is some Cu/Zn ordering near the low temperature transition but significantly less than high chemical order expected from Raman. To understand both our resonant-XRD results and the Raman results, we present a structural model that involves antiphase domain boundaries and accommodates the excess Zn within the CZTS lattice.}, issn = {1521-3951}, doi = {10.1002/pssb.201700156}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pssb.201700156}, author = {L. T. Schelhas and K. H. Stone and S. P. Harvey and D. Zakhidov and A. Salleo and G. Teeter and I. L. Repins and M. F. Toney} } @article {946, title = {Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Cr1-xCoxO3-δ solid solutions for solar-thermochemical fuel production: strategies to lower the operation temperature}, journal = {J. Mater. Chem. A}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {15546-15557}, issn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496}, doi = {10.1039/C5TA02519B}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C5TA02519B}, author = {A. H. Bork and M. Kubicek and M. Struzik and J. L. M. Rupp} } @article {954, title = {Perovskite promoted iron oxide for hybrid water-splitting and syngas generation with exceptional conversion}, journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.}, volume = {8}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {535-539}, issn = {1754-5692, 1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/C4EE03431G}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C4EE03431G}, author = {Feng He and Fanxing Li} } @article {861, title = {Predicting the solar thermochemical water splitting ability and reaction mechanism of metal oxides: a case study of the hercynite family of water splitting cycles}, journal = {Energy Environ. Sci.}, year = {2015}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, issn = {1754-5692, 1754-5706}, doi = {10.1039/C5EE01979F}, url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C5EE01979F}, author = {Christopher L. Muhich and Brian D. Ehrhart and Vanessa A. Witte and Samantha L. Miller and Eric N. Coker and Charles B. Musgrave and Alan W. Weimer} } @book {1000, title = {Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Standards, Experimental Methods, and Protocols}, series = {SpringerBriefs in Energy}, year = {2013}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York}, abstract = {This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) {\textendash} for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare their results against those of other researchers to better advance materials development. This book serves as a {\textquotedblleft}how-to{\textquotedblright} guide for researchers engaged in or interested in engaging in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. PEC water splitting is a rapidly growing field of research in which the goal is to develop materials which can absorb the energy from sunlight to drive electrochemical hydrogen production from the splitting of water. The substantial complexity in the scientific understanding and experimental protocols needed to sufficiently pursue accurate and reliable materials development means that a large need exists to consolidate and standardize the most common methods utilized by researchers in this field.}, isbn = {9781461482970}, url = {//www.springer.com/us/book/9781461482970}, author = {Zhebo Chen and Huyen Dinh and Eric Miller} } @article {790, title = {Photochemical Water Oxidation by Crystalline Polymorphs of Manganese Oxides: Structural Requirements for Catalysis}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {135}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {3494-3501}, issn = {0002-7863, 1520-5126}, doi = {10.1021/ja310286h}, url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja310286h}, author = {David M. Robinson and Yong Bok Go and Michelle Mui and Graeme Gardner and Zhijuan Zhang and Daniel Mastrogiovanni and Eric Garfunkel and Jing Li and Martha Greenblatt and G. Charles Dismukes} } @article {1038, title = {Proton conduction in sintered oxides and its application to steam electrolysis for hydrogen production}, journal = {Solid State Ionics}, volume = {3-4}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {359-363}, abstract = {Some sintered oxides based on SrCeO3 were found to exhibit proton conduction on exposing them to a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at high temperature. The verification of proton conduction was made by studying the emf of various gas cells using the specimen diaphragm as an electrolyte. These materials could be applied to the electrolyte for steam electrolysis to produce hydrogen gas.}, issn = {0167-2738}, doi = {10.1016/0167-2738(81)90113-2}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167273881901132}, author = {H. Iwahara and T. Esaka and H. Uchida and N. Maeda} } @article {993, title = {Pt/TiO2 (rutile) catalysts for sulfuric acid decomposition in sulfur-based thermochemical water-splitting cycles}, journal = {Applied Catalysis A: General}, volume = {338}, note = {{\textquoteright}doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01132\n - I.Am.Hydrogen{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}Jason thinks this is great.\n~\n - jyoungstrom{\textquoteright} {\textquoteright}\n - estechel{\textquoteright} }, pages = {27-36}, abstract = {Thermochemical cycles consist of a series of chemical reactions to produce hydrogen from water at lower temperatures than by direct thermal decomposition. All the sulfur-based cycles for water splitting employ the sulfuric acid decomposition reaction. This work reports the studies performed on 1wt\% Pt/TiO2 (rutile) catalysts submitted to flowing concentrated sulfuric acid at 1123K and atmospheric pressure for different times on stream between 0 and 548h. Catalyst activity showed an initial decrease that lasted for about 66h, followed by a slight recovery of activity between 66 and 102h TOS, and a period of slower deactivation after 102h TOS. Catalyst sulfation did not seem to be detrimental to catalyst activity. The activity profile suggested that a complex dynamic situation, involving platinum sintering, volatilization, and oxidation, along with TiO2 morphological changes, affected catalyst activity in a non-monotonic way.}, issn = {0926-860X}, doi = {10.1016/j.apcata.2007.12.016}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926860X07007363}, author = {L. M. Petkovic and D. M. Ginosar and H. W. Rollins and K. C. Burch and P. J. Pinhero and H. H. Farrell} }